International Conference on Infrared Physics (CIRP) (eBook)

Front Cover 1
International Conference on Infrared Physics (CIRP) 2
Copyright Page 3
Proceedings of the International Conference on Infrared Physics (CIRP)Zurich, 11-15 August 1975 4
CHAPTER 1. PLANCK'S RADIATION LAW FOR FINITE CAVITIES AND RELATED PROBLEMS 6
1. INTRODUCTION 6
2. THE VALIDITY OF PLANCK'S LAW 6
3. WEYL'S PROBLEM AND THE STATISTICAL PHYSICS OF FINITE SYSTEMS 7
4. QUASI-CONTINUUM AND QUANTUM-SIZE REGIMES 8
5. THE BLACKBODY: SMOOTHED EXPANSIONS FOR THEMODE NUMBER 9
6. THE STEFAN-BOLTZMANN LAW FOR THE CUBE-SHAPED CAVITY 11
7. VIBRATIONAL SPECIFIC HEAT IN GRAINS 11
REFERENCES 12
CHAPTER 2. INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER 14
1. THE SEMI CLASSICAL APPROXIMATION (SCA) 14
2. GENERAL EQUATION OF MOTION FOR THE REDUCED DENSITY MATRIX 14
3. APPLICATIONS: TIME EVOLUTION OF 
15 
4. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 15
REFERENCES 16
CHAPTER 3. CAVITY RADIATION THEORY 18
INTRODUCTION 18
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS 18
TEMPERATURE CONSIDERATIONS 20
WAVELENGTH CONSIDERATIONS 22
PROJECTED SOLID ANGLE CONSIDERATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION 23
REFERENCES 27
APPEND IX: 
27 
CHAPTER 4. OSCILLATORY SPECTRAL DENSITY AND PARTIAL 
30 
INTRODUCTION 30
2. PREVIOUS RESULTS 30
3. THE CUBE-SHAPED CAVITY 31
4. THE CUBOID 31
REFERENCES 32
CHAPTER 5. INFRARED DETECTORS 34
INTRODUCTION 34
2. TYPES OF INFRARED DETECTOR 35
3. PHOTON DETECTORS 35
4. PYROELECTRIC DETECTORS 39
5. HETERODYNE DETECTORS 40
REFERENCES 41
CHAPTER 6. THIN FILM INFRARED DETECTOR ARRAYS 
42 
INTRODUCTION 42
EXPERIMENTAL 42
STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 43
INFRARED PROPERTIES 45
CONCLUSIONS 49
REFERENCES 50
CHAPTER 7. 3-5µm 
52 
INTRODUCTION 52
MATERIALS PREPARATION 52
DETECTOR FABRICATION AND CHARACTERISATION 53
CONCLUSIONS 55
REFERENCES 55
CHAPTER 8. A QUANTITATIVE HETERODYNE EXPERIMENT WITH EXTRINSIC SILICON AT 10-6 µm 
56 
REFERENCES 59
CHAPTER 9. UPCONVERSION SPECTROMETRY FOR 
60 
REFERENCES 64
CHAPTER 10. SENSITIVITY OF AN ASTRONOMICAL INFRARED 
66 
REFERENCES 69
CHAPTER 11. INFRARED CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES 70
I. INTRODUCTION 70
II. CCD STRUCTURE AND OPERATION 70
III. MONOLITHIC IRCCD's 73
IV. HYBRID IRCCD's 75
REFERENCES 77
CHAPTER 12. THERMAL SPREAD IN A PYROELECTRIC VIDICON 
80 
1. INTRODUCTION 80
2. THEORY 80
3. CALCULATIONS FOR TGS/GERMANIUM 82
4. CONCLUSION 84
REFERENCES 84
CHAPTER 13. INFRARED TV: AN INEXPENSIVE PORTABLE 
86 
INTRODUCTION 86
OPERATION 86
HAND HELD PYROELECTRIC CAMERA 87
APPLICATIONS 88
REFERENCES 90
CHAPTER 14. THE INTERACTION OF 10-6 /µm 
92 
INTRODUCTION 92
EXPERIMENTS 92
RESULTS 93
DISCUSSION 96
REFERENCES 97
CHAPTER 15. THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE TEA– 
98 
REFERENCES 99
CHAPTER 16. ACTIVE IMAGING WITH A TEA–C02-LASER 100
BACKGROUND 100
REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS 100
TARGET CROSS-SECTION 101
ACTIVE IMAGING 102
SCINTILLATION 106
CONCLUSION 107
CHAPTER 17. NANOSECOND PULSES FROM A HYDROGEN 
108 
REFERENCES 112
CHAPTER 18. OPTIMIZATION OF A TUNABLE FAR- 
114 
I. INTRODUCTION 114
II. EXPERIMENTAL 114
III. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 115
IV. OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATION 117
REFERENCES 119
CHAPTER 19. TUNABLE INFRARED GENERATION BY STIMULATED RAMAN SCATTERING 122
REFERENCES 125
CHAPTER 20. THE STANDARD RANGE OF THERMAL SENSORS 126
REFERENCES 129
CHAPTER 21. HIGH RESOLUTION INFRARED SOLAR OBSERVATIONS BY BALLOON 130
REFERENCES 132
CHAPTER 22. INFRARED SPECTRAL RADIANCE OF THE SKY 134
1. INTRODUCTION 134
2. THE ATMOSPHERIC MODELS AND THE CALCULATION OF SKY SPECTRAL RADIANCE 134
3. COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 137
REFERENCES 139
CHAPTER 23. INFRARED PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS WITH LASERS 140
1. INTRODUCTION 140
2. PLASMA REFRACTIVE INDEX 140
3. SCATTERING OF RADIATION 143
4. CONCLUSION 147
REFERENCES 147
CHAPTER 24. INFRARED OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SPUTTERED In2_ Snx 03–y FILMS 150
REFERENCES 152
CHAPTER 25. THE DETERMINATION OF THE ELECTRON SPIN RELAXATION TIME IN InSb IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS 154
1. INTRODUCTION 154
2. EXPERIMENTAL 155
3. RESULTS 155
4. DISCUSSION OF EXPERIMENTS 157
5. THEORY 158
6. SUMMARY 160
REFERENCES 160
CHAPTER 26. A METHOD FOR MEASURING INFRARED EMISSIVITIES OF NEAR-BLACK SURFACES AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES 162
1. INTRODUCTION 162
THEORY 162
METHOD 164
MEASUREMENTS 165
RESULTS 165
ACCURACY 167
CONCLUSION 167
REFERENCES 168
CHAPTER 27. NONRECIPROCAL ACOUSTO–OPTIC INTERACTIONS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO FEEDBACK 
170 
INTRODUCTION 170
THE ACOUSTO-OPTIC ISOLATOR CONCEPT 170
THEORY 171
EFFECT OF FEEDBACK 172
EXPERIMENTS 173
REFERENCES 174
CHAPTER 28. HIGH POWER OPTICALLY PUMPED FAR 
176 
REFERENCES 179
CHAPTER 29. BASIC PHYSICAL MECHANISMS DETERMINING 
180 
INTRODUCTION 180
ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS 180
RATE EQUATION MODEL 183
GAIN AND OUTPUT POWER ESTIMATE 185
LASER EXPERIMENTS 186
REFERENCES 187
CHAPTER 30. THREE-LEVEL MODEL FOR A PULSE-OPERATED 
188 
REFERENCES 192
CHAPTER 31. GAIN MEASUREMENTS IN OPTICALLY PUMPED,FAR-INFRARED LASER MEDIA 194
REFERENCES 196
CHAPTER 32. SPECTRAL COMPOSITION OF FAR-INFRARED LASER RADIATION OPTICA 
198 
REFERENCES 200
CHAPTER 33. THE FAR INFRARED HELIUM LASER 202
I. INTRODUCTION 202
II. EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS 202
III. LASER OUTPUT 202
IV. LASER OPERATION 203
V. PLASMA EFFECTS 204
VI. CONCLUSIONS 205
REFERENCES 205
CHAPTER 34. MODE PROPERTIES OF OPTICALLY PUMPED 
206 
REFERENCES 210
CHAPTER 35. MAGNETO-SPECTROSCOPY OF PHOTO-EXCITED 
212 
1. INTRODUCTION 212
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 212
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 213
REFERENCES 217
CHAPTER 36. WIDE-BAND DETECTION WITH HIGH IMPEDANCE 
218 
1. INTRODUCTION 218
2. THEORY 218
3. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 221
4. MEASUREMENTS 225
REFERENCES 228
CHAPTER 37. A MICROWAVE BIASED GaAs SUBMILLIMETER 
230 
INTRODUCTION 230
MICROWAVE BIASED DETECTION 231
SQUARE-LAW RECEIVER 231
HOMODYNE RECEIVER 233
HETERODYNE RECEIVER 234
D.C. BIASED DETECTION 235
BANDWIDTH LIMITATION 236
CONCLUSIONS 237
REFERENCES 237
CHAPTER 38. HETERODYNE DETECTION AT 337 µm 
238 
REFERENCES 240
CHAPTER 39. APPLICATION OF EVAPOROGRAPHY TO IMAGING 
242 
1. INTRODUCTION 242
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE EVAPOROGRAPH 242
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 244
4. COMPARISON OF EVAPOROGRAPHY WITH LIQUID CRYSTAL AND 
246 
REFERENCES 247
CHAPTER 40. FAR-INFRARED AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 248
I. INTRODUCTION 248
II. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE 249
III. ELECTRODYNAMICS 250
IV. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 252
REFERENCES 255
CHAPTER 41. MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR MAKING FILTERS BEYOND 300µm 
258 
INTRODUCTION 258
INSTRUMENTATION 258
CONCLUSION 260
REFERENCES 260
CHAPTER 42. THE DETERMINATION OF COMPLEX REFRACTIVE INDEX SPECTRA OF LIQUIDS IN THEFAR-INFRARED SPECTRAL REGION 5– 
262 
1. INTRODUCTION 262
2. MEASURING AND EVALUATION METHODS 263
3. THE VARIABLE THICKNESS, VARIABLE TEMPERATURE CELL 265
4. THE INTERFEROMETER 265
5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 266
6. DISCUSSION 267
REFERENCES 267
CHAPTER 43. AUTOMATED FAR-INFRARED FOURIER INTERFEROMETER FOR AMPLITUDE-PHASE SPECTROSCOPY A 
268 
1. INTRODUCTION 268
2. INTERFEROMETER OPTICS/MECHANICS 268
3. INTERFEROMETER ELECTRONICS 269
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 271
REFERENCES 272
CHAPTER 44. AN INFRARED LATERAL SHEARING INTERFEROMETER FOR PLASMA DIAGNOSTICAND INFRARED OPTICAL 
274 
REFERENCES 276
CHAPTER 45. A SCANNING FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETER FOR THE 50– 
278 
I. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SINGLE GRIDS 278
II. FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETER: GENERAL 
279 
III. FIXED SEPARATION FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETERS 280
IV. VARIABLE SEPARATION FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETER 281
REFERENCES 283
CHAPTER 46. COMPARISON MEASUREMENTS OF VERY SIMILAR SPECTRA IN FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY 
284 
INTRODUCTION 284
OPTICAL DIFFERENCE MEASUREMENT 284
EVALUATION OF INTERFEROGRAMS WITH SUPPRESSED WHITE LIGHT PEAK 
287 
SUMMARY 289
CHAPTER 47. FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY OF LANDAU RADIATION IN n-InSb 
290 
1. INTRODUCTION 290
2. EXPERIMENTAL 290
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 291
4. CONCLUSIONS 295
REFERENCES 296
CHAPTER 48. DISPERSIVE REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY IN THE FAR-INFRARED 
298 
INTRODUCTION 298
EXPERIMENTAL 298
REFERENCES 302
CHAPTER 49. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF A NEW DOUBLE-BEAM FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM INTERFEROMETER 
304 
CHAPTER 50. NEW TECHNIQUES FOR DISPERSIVE FOURIERTRANS FORM SPECTROMETRY OF LIQUIDS 
306 
1. INTRODUCTION 306
2. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 307
3. APPARATUS 310
4. DISCUSSION 313
REFERENCES 315
CHAPTER 51. DISPERSIVE FOURIER TRANSFORM MEASUREMENTS ON OPAQUE SOLIDSFROM 5 TO 350 cm– 
316 
INTRODUCTION 316
EXPERIMENTAL 316
RESULTS 317
CONCLUSIONS 320
REFERENCES 320
CHAPTER 52. A HELIUM COOLED FABRY–PEROT INTERFEROMETER FOR INFRARED ASTRONOMICAL SPECTROSCOPY 
322 
1. INTRODUCTION 322
2. BACKGROUND RADIATION AND CHOICE OF SPECTROMETER 322
3. THE INSTRUMENT 323
REFERENCES 328
CHAPTER 53. AN OPEN RESONATOR TECHNIQUE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS AT SUBMILLIMETRE WAVELENGTHS 
330 
INTRODUCTION 330
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE 330
REFRACTIVE INDEX MEASUREMENTS 330
ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS 331
CONCLUSION 332
REFERENCES 332
CHAPTER 54. ATMOSPHERIC SPECTROSCOPY AT VERY HIGH RESOLUTION IN THE MIDDLE INFRARED WITHA RAPID-SCAN MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER 
334