Cells to Civilizations

Enrico Coen is a plant molecular geneticist based at the John Innes Centre in Norwich, United Kingdom. He is the author of The Art of Genes, a fellow of the Royal Society, and a foreign associate of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. His awards include the Linnean Gold Medal and the Royal Society Darwin Medal.

INTRODUCTION: A RECIPE FOR CHANGE 1 History and Form 3 Life's Creative Recipe 8 CHAPTER ONE: LOOPS AND LOTTERIES 13 Principle of Population Variation 16 Principle of Persistence 20 Principle of Reinforcement 23 Principle of Competition 24 Combining Principles 29 CHAPTER TWO: FROM GENES TO ECOSYSTEMS 34 Principle of Cooperation 36 Principle of Combinatorial Richness 40 Wandering Clouds 44 Principle of Recurrence 48 The Origin of Species 52 Species and Ecosystems 57 A Recipe for Evolution 58 CHAPTER THREE: CONVERSATIONS OF AN EMBRYO 61 Turing's Principles 63 Patterning a Cell 68 Switching Genes On and Off 70 A Molecular Fight 73 Looking into Gradients 76 A Common Form 80 CHAPTER FOUR: COMPLETING THE PICTURE 84 An Embryonic Cocktail Party 85 A Cooperative Eff ort 87 Regulatory Riches 88 Building on the Past 90 The Expanding Canvas 93 Deformation 97 The Three-Dimensional Canvas 105 A Common Recipe 108 CHAPTER FIVE: HISTORY IN THE MAKING 111 Unicellular Beginnings 114 Moving up a Scale 115 Zooming and Growing 118 A Recipe within a Recipe 120 CHAPTER SIX: HUMBLE RESPONSES 122 Making Adjustments 124 Flora's Story 127 The Bite of Venus 132 The Sensible Sea Slug 135 Patterns in Time 140 Human Responses 143 Carving up the World 147 CHAPTER SEVEN: THE NEURAL SIBYL 150 The Prophetic Dog 152 Predictive Neurons 155 Learning from Discrepancies 157 Pavlov and Punishments 163 Core Principles 164 A Neural Journey 168 Staying on the Move 169 A Recipe for Learning 173 CHAPTER EIGHT: LEARNING THROUGH ACTION 175 Calibration 176 Jumping Eyes 178 Visual Shifts 181 Learning to Calibrate 184 Action-Learning Loops 187 Smooth Movements 188 An Active Journey 193 Learning with Others 197 CHAPTER NINE: SEEING AS 200 The Neural Eye 204 Multiple Eyes 208 Seeing through Models 211 Learning at Many Levels 213 Top-down and Bottom-up 216 Competing Interpretations 217 A Question of Style 220 Creative Acts 228 CHAPTER TEN: FRAMING RECIPES 232 Development of Learning 233 Basic Instincts 237 Flexibility versus Directness 242 CHAPTER ELEVEN: THE CRUCIBLE OF CULTURE 244 The Apprentice 245 Fruitful Populations 248 Lasting Change 250 Cultural Reinforcement 252 The Force of Competition 254 Cooperative Eff orts 255 A Cultural Mix 257 Propelled by the Past 260 A Cultural Recipe 263 CHAPTER TWELVE: THE GRAND CYCLE 266 Cultural Origins 267 Possible Worlds 270 Nature's Self-Portrait 275 Acknowledgments 281 Notes 283 References 299 Illustration Credits 307 Index 313