Guide to Oilwell Fishing Operations (eBook)

Front Cover 1
The Guide to Oilwell Fishing Operations: Tools, Techniques, and Rules of Thumb 4
Copyright 5
Dedication 6
Contents 8
Disclaimer 14
Preface 16
Chapter 1: Conventional Fishing 18
Thru-tubing fishing 19
Chapter 2: Using Communication to Avoid Hazards 20
Chapter 3: The Economics of Fishing 22
Chapter 4: The Cardinal Rules of Fishing 24
Evaluate 24
Communicate 24
Gather information 25
A simple approach to the solution 26
Keep track of pipe tallies 27
Do not rotate the fishing string 27
Do not pull out the rope socket 27
The role of a fishing tool supervisor 27
Chapter 5: Pipe Sticking 30
Sand sticking 30
Mud sticking 30
Barite settling/sticking/id restricting 30
Friction stuck (casing in casing) 31
Mechanical sticking 31
Stuck Packers or Other Downhole Assemblies 31
Multiple Strings Wrap Around 32
Crooked Pipe 32
Junk in the Hole 32
Key-seat sticking 33
Cement Sticking 33
Under-gauge hole sticking 35
Differential sticking 35
Blowout sticking 36
Lost-circulation sticking 38
Sloughing-hole sticking 39
Chapter 6: Types of free point tools 42
Determining the stuck point 42
Using stretch calculations for determining free casing 42
Tubing, drill pipe, and casing stretch data 43
General stretch formula 43
Stretch tables 43
Determining stretch 43
Example 46
Determining the free point 46
Example 48
Calculation of SC and FPC 49
Example 49
Example 49
Stretch graphs 49
Set-down and slack-off weights 53
Chapter 7: 
62 
Backoff 63
Outside Backoff 64
Chemical cut 65
Jet cut 65
E-line motor-driven cutters 67
Mechanical cut 67
Internal Hydraulic Cutter 68
External Cutter 68
Abrasive fluid cuts 69
Connection split shots 70
Chapter 8: 
72 
Overshots 72
Double Bowl 75
Triple Bowl 75
Wide Catch Overshot 76
Spears 76
Chapter 9: 
80 
Principles of jarring 80
Safety 80
Jarring on stuck tools 80
Jarring strings 81
Jar placement programs 82
Bumper jars 83
Oil jars 83
Bidirectional hydraulic fishng jar 84
Jar intensifier or accelerator 85
Agitator tools 86
The Fishing Agitation Tool (FAT) 86
Surface jars 87
Drilling jars 88
Chapter 10: 
90 
Rotary shoes 90
Example 93
Example 93
Diamond-Dressed Washover Shoes 94
External cutters 95
Washpipe spears 95
Unlatching joints 96
Backoff connectors 97
Hydraulic clean-out tools 98
Chapter 11: 
100 
Magnets 100
Permanent Magnets 100
Electromagnets 101
Down-hole or Inline Magnets 101
Junk baskets 101
Core Type 101
Catcher Type 101
Reverse Circulating Type 102
Friction Socket Type 103
Alligator Grab 104
Poor Boy Baskets 105
Boot Basket 105
Hydrostatic bailers 106
Junk shots 107
Chapter 12: 
108 
Mills dressed with tungsten carbide inserts 108
Mills Dressed with Crushed Tungsten Carbide 112
Concave Bottom Mill 113
Tooth-Type Bladed Mill 114
Taper Mill 115
String Mills 115
Economills 115
Skirted Mill Prevents Sidetracking While Milling 116
Watermelon Mill 117
Hollow Mills 117
Conductor Taper Mills 118
Chapter 13: 
120 
Cable-guide method 120
Side-door overshot method 122
Fishing parted wireline 123
Cutting the line 124
Explosive Sand-Line Cutter 124
Electric submersible pumps 125
Chapter 14: 
128 
Retrievable Packers 128
Permanent packers 130
Chapter 15: 
134 
Chapter 16: 
138 
Whipstock systems and anchors 138
Hole Conditions 138
Whipstock-Face Orientation 139
Cleanliness of casing wall 140
Formation 140
Bottom-set anchor 141
Two-trip milling systems 141
Hydraulic-set whipstock anchor 142
One-trip milling system 143
Coiled tubing sidetracking 144
Casing Exits 144
Chapter 17: 
146 
Section mills 146
Chapter 18: 
150 
Chapter 19: 
158 
Chapter 20: 
160 
Temporary plug-and-abandon 160
Permanent plug-and-abandon 161
Chapter 21: 
164 
Mouse traps 164
Reversing tools 164
Hydraulic pulling tool 165
Box and tapered taps 166
Bulldog overshot 166
Spline joint 167
Chapter 22: 
170 
Coiled tubing connector 170
Dual-back pressure valve 171
Hydraulic disconnect 172
Dual-actuated circulating valve 173
Motorhead assembly 174
Chapter 23: 
176 
Preplanning 176
Rules of thumb 176
Additional equipment 177
Spears and overshots 178
Hydraulic-Release Spears and Overshots 178
Fishing in Larger Diameter Bores 179
Fishing parted coiled tubing 180
Snipper Overshot 182
Continuous-Tubing Overshot and High-Pressure Packoff 183
Chapter 24: 
186 
Jars 186
Accelerators 186
Bidirectional vibratory jars 188
Chapter 25: 
190 
Venturi jet junk basket 190
Magnetic chip catcher 190
Chapter 26: 
194 
Workover motor components 194
Power Section 194
Transmission 194
Output Shaft and Bearing Assembly 196
Workover motor performance 196
Operational Considerations 196
Using Compressible Fluids 198
Chapter 27: 
200 
Operational procedures 200
Scale milling 201
Organic 201
Inorganic 201
Profile enlargement 203
Chapter 28: 
204 
Operational considerations 204
Before Running In 205
After Running In 205
Chapter 29: 
208 
Hydromechanical pipe-cutting system 208
Centralization and Stabilization 209
Hydromechanical Tubing Anchor 210
Compression Swivel and Bullnose 210
Computer Software 210
Chapter 30: 
212 
Operational considerations 212
Bit design 213
Penetration rates 213
Chapter 31: 
216 
Chapter 32: 
218 
Chapter 33: 
220 
Glossary 222
Bibliography 228
Index 230