Analysis of Ancient Metals (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Analysis of Ancient Metals 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
PREFACE 8
INTRODUCTION 10
CHAPTER I. THE HETEROGENEITY OF ANCIENT METALS AND THE SAMPLING PROBLEM 14
CHAPTER II. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS, QUALITATIVE TESTS, AND CHOICE OF QUANTITATIVE METHOD 29
A. OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS 30
B. QUALITATIVE TESTS 35
C. CHOICE OF QUANTITATIVE METHOD 44
REFERENCES 47
CHAPTER III. GOLD AND ITS ALLOYS 49
THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY METHOD 50
TECHNIQUE OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS 57
SOURCES OF DATA ON SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF ANCIENT GOLD OBJECTS 61
OTHER METHODS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE A SAMPLE 63
METHODS THAT REQUIRE A SAMPLE 64
SOURCES OF AN ALYTICAL DATA ON ANCIENT GOLD OBJECTS 66
CHAPTER IV. SILVER AND ITS ALLOYS 71
THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY METHOD 71
OTHER METHODS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE A SAMPLE 77
METHODS THAT REQUIRE A SAMPLE 80
SOURCES OF AN ALYTICAL DATA ON ANCIENT OBJECTS COMPOSED OF SILVER OR SILVER ALLOYS 88
CHAPTER V. COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS 94
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 94
EMISSION SPECTROGRAPHY 106
SOURCES OF AN ALYTICAL DATA ON ANCIENT OBJECTS COMPOSED OF COPPER OR COPPER ALLOYS 110
CHAPTER VI. VARIOUS NONFERROUS METALS AND THEIR ALLOYS 136
IDENTIFICATION OF LEAD AND TIN OBJECTS 136
QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION 138
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 138
EMISSION SPECTROGRAPHY 143
SOURCES OF ANALYTICAL DATA ON ANCIENT OBJECTS COMPOSED OF LEAD, TIN, OR ALLOYS OF LEAD AND TIN 143
OTHER METALS 145
CHAPTER VII. IRON AND STEEL 152
IDENTIFICATION 153
QUANTITATIVE AN ALYSIS OF METAL 154
ANALYSIS OF CORROSION PRODUCTS 155
SOURCES OF AN ALYTICAL DATA ON ANCIENT OBJECTS COMPOSED OF IRON OR STEEL 158
CHAPTER VIII. THE PREPARATION OF REPORTS 164
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 181
INDEX 184
OTHER TITLES IN THE SERIES ON ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 188
REVIEWS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES 189