Introduction to Carbon Science (eBook)
348 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-4059-9 (ISBN)
This book is comprised of nine chapters and begins with an overview of the basic structural features of carbon materials, along with definitions of the various carbon forms encountered in carbon science. The principal techniques for studying the structure of solid carbons are also considered. The reader is then introduced to the mechanisms underlying the formation of isotropic and anisotropic carbons; the physicochemical changes that take place when pitch is pyrolyzed to carbon; and kinetics and catalysis of carbon gasification reactions. The following chapters explore various types of porosity in carbons and graphites; manufacture, properties, structure, and applications of carbon fibers; and mechanical properties of cokes and composites. This text concludes by describing the conversion of coal to coke.
This monograph will be of interest to carbon scientists, technologists, and engineers, as well as those entering the field of carbon science for the first time.
Introduction to Carbon Science deals with various aspects of carbon science, from polymer science and prosthetics to crystallography, carbonization, spectroscopy, and surface science. Topics covered include the mechanisms of formation of isotropic and anisotropic carbons, physical properties of pitch relevant to the fabrication of carbon materials; kinetics and catalysis of carbon gasification; and porosity in carbons and graphites. Carbon fibers, cokes and composites, and coal to coke transformations are also discussed. This book is comprised of nine chapters and begins with an overview of the basic structural features of carbon materials, along with definitions of the various carbon forms encountered in carbon science. The principal techniques for studying the structure of solid carbons are also considered. The reader is then introduced to the mechanisms underlying the formation of isotropic and anisotropic carbons; the physicochemical changes that take place when pitch is pyrolyzed to carbon; and kinetics and catalysis of carbon gasification reactions. The following chapters explore various types of porosity in carbons and graphites; manufacture, properties, structure, and applications of carbon fibers; and mechanical properties of cokes and composites. This text concludes by describing the conversion of coal to coke. This monograph will be of interest to carbon scientists, technologists, and engineers, as well as those entering the field of carbon science for the first time.
Front Cover 1
Introduction to Carbon Science 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 16
Foreword 6
Acknowledgements 8
An Introduction to Authors 10
Chapter 1. Structure in Carbons and Carbon Forms 28
1. INTRODUCTION 29
2. ORDER / DISORDER 33
3. CARBON FORMS 37
4. COMPOSITES 43
5. METHODS OF STUDYING CARBON STRUCTURE 46
6. FACTORS IN CARBON STRUCTURES 57
7. CONCLUSIONS 57
References 58
Chapter 2. Mechanisms of Formation of Isotropie and Anisotropie Carbons 64
1 INTRODUCTION 65
2 ISOTROPIC CARBON 66
3 GRAPHITIZABLE CARBON - The problem 73
4 CHEMISTRY AND VISCOSITY OF PYROLYSIS SYSTEMS 82
5. MESOPHASE FROM COAL 92
References 97
Chapter 3. Physical Properties of Pitch Relevant to the Fabrication of Carbon Materials 102
1 INTRODUCTION 103
2 ORIGINS AND COMPOSITION OF PITCH 104
3 STRUCTURE OF PITCH 110
4 RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PITCH 113
5 PYROLYSIS OF PITCH 119
6 PITCH AS A BINDER AND MATRIX MATERIAL IN ENGINEERING MATERIALS 123
7 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY 129
References 130
Chapter 4. Kinetics and Catalysis of Carbon Gasification 134
1 INTRODUCTION 135
2 THE NATURE OF CARBON SURFACES 135
3 REACTIVITY OF CARBONS 136
4 REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISMS 139
5 THE CARBON-MOLECULAR OXYGEN REACTION 152
6 THE CARBON-CARBON DIOXIDE REACTION 155
7 THE CARBON-STEAM REACTION 157
8 THE CARBON-OXIDES OF NITROGEN REACTION 159
9 THE CARBON-HYDROGEN REACTION 159
11 CATALYSIS OF OXIDATION REACTIONS 161
12 INHIBITION OF THE GAS-CARBON REACTION 169
References 172
Chapter 5. Porosity in Carbons and Graphites 180
1 INTRODUCTION 181
2 EFFECTS OF POROSITY ON PROPERTIES OF CARBONS 187
3 THE DENSITIES OF CARBONS 188
4 SURFACE AREAS FROM GAS ADSORPTION 189
5 SURFACE AREAS FROM SMALL ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING 194
6 MICROPOROUS CARBONS 199
7 MESOPOROUS CARBONS 208
8 MACROPOROUS CARBONS 212
References 221
Chapter 6. Carbon Fibres: Manufacture, Properties, Structure and Applications 224
l. INTRODUCTION 225
2. PREPARATION 227
3. TENSILE PROPERTIES 229
4 STRUCTURE 232
5 FRACTURE MECHANICS 244
6 APPLICATIONS 249
References. 253
Chapter 7. Mechanical Properties of Cokes and Composites 256
1 INTRODUCTION 257
2 NATURE OF COKES AND COMPOSITES 258
3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 262
4 TEST PROCEDURES 267
5 COMPOSITE MATERIALS 271
6 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 273
7 STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS 278
8 CONCLUSIONS 283
References. 283
Chapter 8. The Nature of Coal Material 286
1 INTRODUCTION 287
2 OCCURRENCE QF COAL 288
3 BULK PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE 290
4 COAL COMPOSITION 296
5 COAL RANK 302
6 PROBLEMS PECULIAR TO COAL AS A MATERIAL 305
References 310
Chapter 9. Coal to Coke Conversion 312
1 INTRODUCTION 313
2 THEORIES OF CARBONIZATION 316
3 ORIGIN OF COAL 319
4 COAL CLASSIFICATION 319
5 COKING IN A SINGLE COAL PARTICLE 320
6 RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COAL 327
7 COAL PETROGRAPHY 327
8 COKE STRENGTH PREDICTION 329
9 COKE PETROGRAPHY 332
10 COKE PORE AND WALL STRUCTURE 336
11 COAL BLENDS FOR COKE MAKING AND BLAST FURNACE COKE PROPERTIES 338
12 COKE IN THE BLAST FURNACE 341
References 345
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 22.10.2013 |
---|---|
Sprache | englisch |
Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Anorganische Chemie |
Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie | |
Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Mineralogie / Paläontologie | |
Technik | |
ISBN-10 | 1-4831-4059-8 / 1483140598 |
ISBN-13 | 978-1-4831-4059-9 / 9781483140599 |
Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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