Methods in Palaeomagnetism (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Methods in Palaeomagnetism 4
Copyright Page 5
Tale of Contents 14
PREFACE 6
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 9
Chapter 1. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES IN THE FIELD 20
NOTES ON ROCK SAMPLING FOR PALAEOMAGNETIC RESEARCH 22
THE COLLECTION AND ORIENTATION OF ROCK SAMPLES 27
THE USE OF THE SUN COMPASS 30
METHODS OF SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ORIENTATION FOR ARCHAEOMAGNETISM 35
PALAEOMAGNETIC SAMPLING WITH A PORTABLE CORING DRILL 40
ADVANTAGES OF FIELD-DRILLING OF SAMPLES FOR PALAEOMAGNETIC STUDIES 45
PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING SMALL ORIENTED CORES 50
PORTABLE FIELD-SAMPLING EQUIPMENT 55
A LARGE SAMPLING DRILL 60
Chapter 2. MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL REMANENT MAGNETIZATION 64
Section I. Astatic magnetometers 66
Section II. Ballistic and spinner magnetometers 124
Section III. Fluxgate magnetometers 176
Chapter 3. PROCEDURES TO TEST THE STABILITY OF MAGNETIZATION 226
FIELD TESTS FOR STABILITY 228
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF DEMAGNETIZATION 236
THE A.C. DEMAGNETIZATION TECHNIQUE 240
COMPUTATIONS OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF TWO- AND THREE-AXIS ROTATION SYSTEMS 243
A 500 C/SEC ALTERNATING FIELD DEMAGNETIZATION APPARATUS 256
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATING FIELD DEMAGNETIZATION EQUIPMENT 260
A. C. DEMAGNETIZATION OF ROCKS: ANALYSIS OF RESULTS 273
THERMAL DEMAGNETIZATION BY THE CONTINUOUS METHOD 306
APPARATUS FOR THERMAL DEMAGNETIZATION BY THE PROGRESSIVE METHOD 315
THERMAL DEMAGNETIZATION APPARATUS AT PARIS 318
A "BIG-SAMPLE" SPINNER MAGNETOMETER AND DEMAGNETIZING OVEN 320
CHEMICAL DEMAGNETIZATION 325
Chapter 4. 
330 
STATISTICS OF A SPHERICAL DISTRIBUTION 332
DISTORTION PATTERNS OF PROJECTIONS AND SIMPLE METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING OBLIQUE CASES 341
STATISTICAL DISCUSSION OF MAGNETIZATION OF ROCK SAMPLES 348
ANALYSIS OF PALAEOMAGNETIC DATA 359
ON ESTIMATING SECULAR VARIATION FROM PALAEOMAGNETIC DATA 366
Chapter 5. MEASUREMENT OF ISOTROPIC AND ANISOTROPIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 370
THE ANISOTROPY OF MAGNETIZATION OF ROCKS 372
MEASUREMENT OF INITIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY WITH THE ASTATIC MAGNETOMETER 379
THE MEASUREMENT OF THE ANISOTROPY OF THE SUSCEPTIBILITY WITH AN ASTATIC MAGNETOMETER 381
AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF ISOTROPIC INITIALSUSCEPTIBILITY OF ROCK SAMPLES 387
AN ANISOTROPY METER 391
TORSION-BALANCE METHOD OF MEASURING ANISOTROPIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 400
ERRORS IN ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENTS WITH THE TORSIONBALANCE 406
USE OF THE SPINNER MAGNETOMETER FOR ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENTS 418
THE A.C. BRIDGE METHOD 422
PRELIMINARY ACCOUNT OF A REFINED TECHNIQUE FORMAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENT OFROCKS 428
ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENTS WITH A TRANSLATION INDUCTOMETER 444
Chapter 6. MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS IN APPLIED FIELDS 448
PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETIC BALANCES 450
A FUSED-QUARTZ CURIE-POINT BALANCE 457
RECORDING MAGNETIC BALANCE 459
A HIGH-FREQUENCY METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF CURIE TEMPERATURES OF FERRIMAGNETIC MINERALS 464
THE USE OF A COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FLUXGATE MAGNETOMETER IN DETERMINATION OF THE CURIE POINT OF ROCK SAMPLES 466
VIBRATION MAGNETOMETER 469
APPARATUS FOR MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS AT LOW TEMPERATURES 476
THE HIGH-FIELD TORQUE-METER METHOD OF MEASURINGMAGNETIC ANISOTROPY OF ROCKS 489
MEASUREMENT OF HIGH-COERCIVITY MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY 496
Chapter 7. TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF MAGNETIC COMPONENTS IN ROCKS 502
THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE OPAQUE OXIDE MINERALS BY 
 
504 
THE DETERMINATION OF IRON AND TITANIUM IN SILICATE ROCKS 515
IDENTIFICATION OF MAGNETIC MINERALS IN ROCKS USING METHODS BASED ON THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES 520
ROCK MAGNETIC INVESTIGATIONS AT LOW TEMPERATURES 533
IDENTIFICATION OF MAGNETIC PHASES IN CERTAIN ROCKS BYLOW-TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS 548
OBSERVATION AND INTERPRETATION OF MAGNETIC DOMAINSIN NATURAL MAGNETITE 554
Chapter 8. MISCELLANEOUS LABORATORY FACILITIES 558
THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS FOR EXPERIMENTS IN ROCK MAGNETISM 560
HELMHOLTZ COILS AND COIL DESIGN 570
MAGNETIC SHIELDING 587
THE MEASUREMENT OF STRESS EFFECTS IN ROCK MAGNETISM 608
A TWO-COMPONENT MAGNETOMETER USED TO MEASURE MAGNETIZATION CHANGES OF ROCK UNDER UNIAXIALCOMPRESSION 612
LABORATORY REDEPOSITION STUDIES—AN APPRAISAL OFAPPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE 615
SIMPLE, ORDER-OF-MAGNITUDE RULE FOR ESTIMATING STRAYFIELDS OF FERROUS COMPONENTS IN LABORATORY APPARATUS 623
INDEX 626