Front Cover 1
Integrated Assessment of Scale Impacts of Watershed Intervention: Assessing Hydrogeological and Bio-physical Influences on Livelihoods 4
Copyright 5
Contents 6
List of Contributors 14
Foreword 16
Acknowledgments 18
Part 1 Setting 22
Chapter 1 - Introduction 24
1.1 BACKGROUND 24
1.2 RAINFED AGRICULTURE AND WSD IN INDIA 26
1.3 WATERSHED POLICIES IN INDIA 28
1.4 WSD AND IMPORTANCE OF SCALE 29
1.5 NEED FOR AN INTEGRATED APPROACH 33
1.6 ABOUT THIS BOOK 36
REFERENCES 41
Chapter 2 - Analytical Framework, Study Design, and Methodology 44
2.1 INTRODUCTION 45
2.2 STRATEGIC CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 45
2.3 ASSESSING SCALE IMPACTS OF WSD: AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 46
2.4 BIOPHYSICAL MODELING 47
2.5 ASSESSING SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS 52
2.6 MODEL OF INTEGRATION: THE BNS 60
2.7 EQUITY AND JUSTICE ISSUES 62
2.8 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 62
2.9 APPROACH AND SAMPLING DESIGN 63
2.10 PROFILE OF SAMPLE SITES 70
REFERENCES 75
Part 2 Hydro-geological and Bio-physical Aspects of the Watersheds 76
Chapter 3 - Investigating Geophysical and Hydrogeological Variabilities and Their Impact on Water Resources in the Context ... 78
3.1 INTRODUCTION 79
3.2 STUDY AREAS 80
3.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 84
3.4 RESULTS AND FINDINGS 86
3.5 DISCUSSION 97
3.6 ZONES SUITABLE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE INTERVENTIONS 100
3.7 CONCLUSION 102
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 103
REFERENCES 103
Chapter 4 - Application of a Simple Integrated Surface Water and Groundwater Model to Assess Mesoscale Watershed Development 106
4.1 INTRODUCTION 106
4.2 MODEL DEVELOPMENT 109
4.3 SITE DESCRIPTION AND MODEL PARAMETERIZATION 110
4.4 RESULTS 114
4.5 DISCUSSION 117
4.6 CONCLUSIONS 117
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 118
REFERENCES 118
Chapter 5 - Modeling the Impact of Watershed Development on Water Resources in India 120
5.1 INTRODUCTION 121
5.2 EFFECTIVE AND SUSTAINABLE WSD: HYDROLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS 123
5.3 STUDY SITES IN WEST BENGAL 124
5.4 DATA COLLECTION 125
5.5 MODELING HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE 135
5.6 APPLICATION TO ANDHRA PRADESH 148
5.7 MODIFICATION OF THE ORIGINAL MODEL 153
5.8 CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION MODEL ON THE LAKSHMIPURAM CATCHMENT 158
5.9 APPLYING THE MODEL ON AN UNGAUGED STUDY SITE IN ANDHRA PRADESH 164
5.10 DISCUSSION 165
5.11 CONCLUSION 167
REFERENCES 168
Chapter 6 - Sustainable Watershed Development Design Methodology 170
6.1 INTRODUCTION 170
6.2 METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH 171
6.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOPHYSICAL RESOURCES OF THE STUDY SITES 173
6.4 DESCRIPTION OF HUNS 195
6.5 LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS THROUGH WATERSHED PROGRAMS 197
6.6 ASSESSMENT OF WATERSHED INTERVENTIONS ON HYDROLOGY OF WATERSHEDS 200
6.7 CONCLUSIONS 211
Part 3 Socio-economic and Livelihood Impacts of Watersheds 212
Chapter 7 - Assessing Livelihood Impacts of Watersheds at Scale: An Integrated Approach 214
7.1 INTRODUCTION 214
7.2 APPROACH AND METHODS 216
7.3 SAMPLE SELECTION AND PROFILE OF THE STUDY SITES 218
7.4 IMPACT OF WSD—THE SRL APPROACH 221
7.5 IMPACT OF WSD ON RESILIENCE 253
7.6 FACTORS INFLUENCING RESILIENCE 258
7.7 CONCLUSIONS 270
REFERENCES 272
Chapter 8 - Evaluating the Determinants of Perceived Drought Resilience: An Empirical Analysis of Farmers’ Survival Capabil ... 274
8.1 INTRODUCTION 274
8.2 METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS 279
8.3 TESTING FOR THE IMPACT OF WATERSHED INTERVENTIONS ON DROUGHT RESILIENCE 299
8.4 CONCLUSION 304
REFERENCES 305
Chapter 9 - Modeling Livelihood Indicators and Household Resilience using Bayesian Networks 308
9.1 INTRODUCTION 308
9.2 BNS 310
9.3 CAPITAL STRENGTH AND RESILIENCE BNS 316
9.4 ANALYZING SOCIAL CAPITAL USING THE BN SUBMODEL 329
9.5 SYNTHESIS 336
REFERENCES 336
Chapter 10 - Justice and Equity in Watershed Development in Andhra Pradesh 338
10.1 INTRODUCTION 339
10.2 A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIA AND INDIA: THE ROLE OF PARTIC ... 339
10.3 COLLECTIVE ACTION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF WSD IN SEM ... 353
10.4 COMMUNITY VIEWS ON COLLECTIVE ACTION AND THE EQUITY OF THE WSD PROCESS 365
10.5 CONCLUSION 368
REFERENCES 369
Part 4 Integrating Science into Policy and Practice 374
Chapter 11 - High Stakes—Engagement with a Purpose 376
11.1 INTRODUCTION 376
11.2 ACTUAL PROCESS ADOPTED IN THE PROJECT 379
11.3 OUTCOMES OF THE PROCESS ADOPTED AND LESSONS LEARNED 384
11.4 MODEL FOR EFFECTIVE STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT—NEED FOR AND ISSUES INVOLVED IN CLOSER ENGAGEMENT WITH STAKEHOLDERS 385
REFERENCES 388
APPENDIX 1: DETAILS OF STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION PLAN 389
APPENDIX 1: DETAILS OF STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION PLAN 376
APPENDIX 2: STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT DETAILS 392
APPENDIX 3: DETAILS OF WORKSHOP ORGANIZED BY THE PROJECT TEAM IN COLLABORATION WITH DRD 392
PARTICIPANTS’ FEEDBACK ON THE WORKSHOP 393
APPENDIX 4: PROJECT TEAM’S PERCEPTIONS ABOUT STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 395
Chapter 12 - Exploring Implications of Climate, Land Use, and Policy Intervention Scenarios on Water Resources, Livelihoods ... 400
12.1 INTRODUCTION 400
12.2 ANALYSIS TOOLS 401
12.3 BIOPHYSICAL SCENARIOS 405
12.4 SOCIAL SCENARIO 422
12.5 SYNTHESIS 426
REFERENCES 428
Chapter 13 - Summary and Conclusion 430
13.1 BACKGROUND 430
13.2 HYDROGEOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICAL ASPECTS 432
13.3 SOCIOECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS 435
13.4 THE APPROACH TO INTEGRATION 437
13.5 PUTTING SCIENCE TO PRACTICE 438
13.6 THE WAY FORWARD 439
Index 442