New Approaches to Light Trapping in Solar Cell Devices discusses in detail the use of photonic and plasmonic effects for light trapping in solar cells. It compares and contrasts texturing, the current method of light-trapping design in solar cells, with emerging approaches employing photonic and plasmonic phenomena. These new light trapping methods reduce the amount of absorber required in a solar cell, promising significant cost reduction and efficiency.
This book highlights potential advantages of photonics and plasmonics and describes design optimization using computer modeling of these approaches. Its discussion of ultimate efficiency possibilities in solar cells is grounded in a review of the Shockley-Queisser analysis; this includes an in-depth examination of recent analyses building on that seminal work.
New Approaches to Light Trapping in Solar Cell Devices discusses in detail the use of photonic and plasmonic effects for light trapping in solar cells. It compares and contrasts texturing, the current method of light-trapping design in solar cells, with emerging approaches employing photonic and plasmonic phenomena. These new light trapping methods reduce the amount of absorber required in a solar cell, promising significant cost reduction and efficiency. This book highlights potential advantages of photonics and plasmonics and describes design optimization using computer modeling of these approaches. Its discussion of ultimate efficiency possibilities in solar cells is grounded in a review of the Shockley-Queisser analysis; this includes an in-depth examination of recent analyses building on that seminal work.
A Brief Overview of Phenomena Involved in Light Trapping
Abstract
Keywords
Table 1.1
Light-Trapping Phenomena and Definitions
Interference | The phenomenon whereby two or more E-M waves existing at a point constructively or destructively add together to some degree at that point. |
Scattering | The result of impinging E-M waves bouncing off of objects by being absorbed and emitted. Material property dependent. In general, can be elastic or inelastic.6 |
Reflection | The result of some portion of an impinging E-M wave being scattered backwards. Material property dependent. Generally taken as elastic.6 |
Diffraction | The result of impinging E-M waves bouncing off of objects by being absorbed, effectively instantaneously emitted, and constructively interfering in certain specific directions. Taken as elastic.6 |
Plasmonics | The result of an impinging E-M wave being absorbed by the extremely numerous electrons of a metal thereby exciting an oscillating plasma. This plasma dissipates energy through electron collisions and also reradiates an E-M scattered wave. Material property dependent. Over all, inelastic.6 |
Refraction | The result of an impinging E-M wave changing direction and wavelength due to a change in the transmission medium through which it is passing. Material property dependent. Taken as elastic.6 |
1.1. Interference
Interference is listed first in Table 1.1 because it is the defining trait of waves. This basic behavior can be considered by watching two electric field waves coming from two plane wave sources (source 1 and source 2). If we examine these waves at some point which is 1→ from source 1 of the first wave and 2→ from source 2 of the second wave, then wave 1 at this point is of the form xiˆ+Ayjˆ+Azkˆeik1→r1→−ω1t with k-vector 1→ and angular frequency ω1, whereas, wave 2 is of the form xiˆ+Byjˆ+Bzkˆeik2→r2→−ω2t with k-vector 2→ and angular frequency ω2. As we know, these waves simply add up at our point of interest to
→=Axei[k1→r1→−ω1t]+Bxei[k2→r2→−ω2t]iˆ+Ayei[k1→r1→−ω1t]+Byei[k2→r2→−ω2t]jˆ+Azei[k1→r1→−ω1t]+Bzei[k2→r2→−ω2t]kˆ
where → is the total electric field. The total E-M energy density U present at our arbitrary point is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the electric field [8,9]; i.e.,
=ɛξ→⋅ξ→*
where →*is the complex conjugate of→ and the permittivity at the point in question. The total photon density is therefore proportional to this U. Using Eq. 1.2 it follows that,
=εAx2+Bx2+AxBxe−i[k1→r1→−ω1t]ei[k2→r2→−ω2t] + AxBxei[k1→r1→−ω1t]e−i[k2→r2→−ω2t]+Ay2+By2+AyBye−i[k1→r1→−ω1t]ei[k2→r2→−ω2t] + AyByei[k1→r1→−ω1t]e−i[k2→r2→−ω2t]+Az2+Bz2+AzBze−i[k1→r1→−ω1t]ei[k2→r2→−ω2t] + AzBzei[k1→r1→−ω1t]e−i[k2→r2→−ω2t]
=ɛAx2+Bx2+Ay2+By2+Az2+Bz2+2AxBx+2AyBy+2AzBzcosk1→⋅r1→−k2⋅→r2→+ω2t−ω1t
Equation 1.3b is interesting because it shows that the quantity ¯, energy density averaged over time and space, has the value that we would probably expect; i.e., it is
¯=ɛAx2+Bx2+Ay2+By2+Az2+Bz2
The cosine term in Eq. 1.3b also shows that interference between these waves can increase or decrease the expected average energy density ¯ at different places and times by as much as 2AxBx +...
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 15.9.2014 |
---|---|
Sprache | englisch |
Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie |
Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik | |
ISBN-10 | 0-12-416637-7 / 0124166377 |
ISBN-13 | 978-0-12-416637-0 / 9780124166370 |
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