Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Imaging (eBook)

Reiner Salzer is Professor Emeritus of Analytical Chemistry at the Dresden University of Technology (Germany). He has authored almost 300 publications and serves on various national and international scientific boards. Professor Salzer is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and a recipient of the Emich Plaque of the Austrian Society of Analytical Chemistry. Recently he also received the Clemens Winkler Medal of the GDCh (German Chemical Society), the Hanus Medal of the Czech Chemical Society and the Ioannes Marcus Marci Medal of the Czech Spectroscopic Society. Professor Salzer served as President of the Division Analytical Chemistry of the GDCh and is National Delegate to the Division Analytical Chemistry of EuCheMS, where he is Head of the Study Group Education. He is Chairman of the ECTN Label Committee for the Quality Eurolabels in Chemistry Education. Heinz W. Siesler is Professor Emeritus of Physical Chemistry at the University of Duisburg-Essen (Germany). After receiving his PhD in chemistry from the University of Vienna (Austria), he worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Cologne (Germany) and as a lecturer at the Witwatersrand University (Johannesburg, South Africa). Prior to his academic position, he gained industrial experience as section head in molecular spectroscopy and thermal analysis in the Corporate R&D Department of Bayer AG (Dormagen, Germany). Between 1992 and 2010 he held guest professorships in France, Japan, and Austria. Professor Siesler is a recipient of the EAS Award, the Tomas Hirschfeld Award and the Buechi Award in near-infrared spectroscopy and he is a Fellow of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. His main research focuses on the application of vibrational spectroscopy to chemical and polymer research, analysis and quality control, and he has authored more than 230 publications in this field.

Preface

PART I: Basic Methodology

INFRARED AND RAMAN INSTRUMENTATION FOR MAPPING AND IMAGING
Introduction to Mapping and Imaging
Mid-Infrared Microspectroscopy and Mapping
Raman Microspectroscopy and Mapping
Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging
Raman Hyperspectral Imaging
Mid-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging
Mapping with Pulsed Terahertz Radiation
Summary

CHEMOMETRIC TOOLS FOR IMAGE ANALYSIS
Introduction
Hyperspectral Images: The Measurement
Image Preprocessing
Exploratory Image Analysis
Quantitative Image Information: Multivariate Image Regression (MIR)
Image Segmentation
Image Resolution
Future Trends

PART II: Biomedical Applications

VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING OF SOFT TISSUE
Introduction
Preparation of Soft Tissue for Vibrational Spectroscopic Imaging
Applications to Soft Tissue
Conclusions

VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF HARD TISSUES
Introduction
Importance of Tissue Age versus Specimen Age
FT-IR Spectroscopy
Raman Spectroscopy
Clinical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy

MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF INFRARED SPECTRAL IMAGING OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS
Introduction
Methods
Results and Discussion
Future Potential of SCP/Conclusions

PART III: Agriculture, Plants, and Food

INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC MAPPING AND IMAGING OF PLANT MATERIALS
Introduction, Background, and Perspective
Application of Mapping and Imaging to Horticultural Crops
Application of Mapping and Imaging to Agricultural Crops
Mapping and Imaging of Wild Plants and Trees
Application of Mapping and Imaging to Algae
Interaction Between Plant Tissue and Plant Pathogens

NIR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Introduction
HSI as a "Super" NIR Analyzer
NIR HS Imager as a "Super" Vision System
Conclusion

PART IV: Polymers and Pharmaceuticals

FT-IR AND NIR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING: PRINCIPLES, PRACTICAL ASPECTS, AND APPLICATIONS IN MATERIAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE
Introduction
Instrumentation for NIR and FT-IR Imaging
Applications of FT-IR and FT-NIR Imaging for Polymer Characterization
NIR Imaging Spectroscopy for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Drug Formulations
FT-IR Spectroscopic Imaging of Inorganic Materials

FT-IR IMAGING IN ATR AND TRANSMISSION MODES: PRACTCAL CONSIDERATIONS AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS
FT-IR Imaging: Introduction
FT-IR Imaging: Technical Considerations
Practical Applications
Conclusion and Outlook

TERAHERTZ IMAGING OF DRUG PRODUCTS
Introduction
Low Wavenumber Region in the Infrared Spectrum
THz-TDS Technology and Applications
THz Imaging in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Going Forward
Competition versus Cost: A Challenge for the Future
Conclusion

PART V: Imaging Beyond the Diffraction Limit

SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES USING NEAR-FIELD METHODS
Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering (TERS)
Detection of Biomolecules
Biopolymers
Membranes, Viruses, and Bacteria
Conclusion

INFRARED MAPPING BELOW THE DIFFRACTION LIMIT
Introduction and Description of Early Work
Near-Field Microscopy by Elastic Scattering from a Tip

PART VI: Developments in Methodology

SUBSURFACE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY IN TURBID MEDIA
Introduction
Techniques for Deep Noninvasive Raman Spectroscopy
Examples of Application Areas
Conclusions

NONLINEAR VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC MICROSCOPY OF CELLS AND TISSUE
Introduction
Principles of Nonlinear Optical Imaging
Instrumentation for Multimodal Nonlinear Microscopy
Applications

WIDEFIELD FT-IR 2D AND 3D IMAGING AT THE MICROSCALE USING SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
Introduction
Optical Evaluation
Mathematical Evaluation of Hyperspectral Cubes
Widefield versus Raster Scanning Geometries
Examples
Conclusions

Index