Calorimetry (eBook)

Stefan M. Sarge studied chemistry at the Braunschweig University of Technology. Since 1990 he has worked for the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig, which is the National Metrology Institute of Germany providing scientific and technical services at the highest level of accuracy and reliability for the benefit of society as a whole, trade and industry, and science. He is the Head of the Working Group on Caloric Quantities and the author of several publications in the fields of thermal analysis, calorimetry and legal metrology. In 1990 and 2004 he received the Netzsch-GEFTA award. Günther W. H. Höhne studied chemistry, physics and mathematics at the Technical University of Berlin. In 1997 he was appointed Privatdozent (Adj. Professor) after his habilitation in experimental physics. From 1970 until his retirement in 1999 he was Head of the Section for Calorimetry of the University of Ulm, with duties including academic teaching in physics. From 1999 to 2008 he was a visiting professor at the Eindhoven University of Technology. He has published numerous articles and two monographs on calorimetry and its applications. In 2002 he received the science award of the German Society of Thermal Analysis (GEFTA). Wolfgang Hemminger studied physics at the University of Stuttgart and worked for a couple of years at the Braunschweig University in the field of materials science using calorimetry as one tool of research. In 1981 he joined the PTB and worked in the fields of thermal conductivity and various thermoanalytical methods. In 1989 he was appointed Head of the PTB Division "Thermodynamics and Explosion Protection". He was co-editor of the journal Thermochimica Acta and is the author of numerous journal articles and books. In 1981 he received the Netzsch-GEFTA award and in 2006 the GEFTA science award.

INTRODUCTION: Calorimetry: Definition, Application Fields and Units

Definition of Calorimetry
Application Fields for Calorimetry
First Example from Life Sciences
Second Example from Material Science
Third Example from Legal Metrology
Units

PART I: Fundamentals of Calorimetry

METHODS OF CALORIMETRY
Compensation of the Thermal Effect
Measurement of Temperature Differences
Summary of Measuring Principles

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Measurement of Amount of Substance
Measurement of Electric Quantities
Measurement of Temperatures
Chemical Composition

FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS
States and Processes
Phases and Phase Transitions

HEAT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
Heat Conduction
Convection
Heat Radiation
Heat Transfer
Entropy Increase during Heat Exchange
Conclusions Concerning Calorimetry

SURROUNDINGS AND OPERATION CONDITIONS
The Isothermal Condition
The Isoperibol Condition
The Adiabatic Condition
The Scanning Condition

MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
Consequences of Temperature Relaxation within the Sample
Typical Results from Different Calorimeters
Reconstruction of the True Sample Heat Flow Rate from the Measured Function
Special Evaluations
Determination of the Measurement Uncertainty

PART II: Practice of Calorimetry

CALORIMETERS
Functional Components and Accessories
Heating Methods
Cooling Methods
Comments on Control Systems
Thermostats
On the Classification of Calorimeters
On the Characterization of Calorimeters
Isothermal Calorimeters
Calorimeters with Heat Exchange between Sample and Surroundings
Adiabatic Calorimeters
Other Calorimeters

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Microchip Calorimetry
Microchip Calorimetry
Extreme Ranges of State
Calorimetry as an Analytical and Diagnostic Tool

CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS: GUIDELINES AND APPLICATIONS
General Considerations
Guidelines to Calorimetric Measurements
Calorimetric Applications

Index