Conifer Cold Hardiness

Section I: Ecology and Ecophysiology.- Frost Resistance and the Distribution of Conifers.- Genecology and Gene Resource Management Strategies for Conifer Cold Hardiness.- Section II: Acclimation and Deacclimation.- Cold Acclimation and Deacclimation of Shoots and Roots of Conifer Seedlings.- Mechanisms of Frost Survival and Freeze-Damage in Nature.- Xylem Cavitation and Freezing in Conifers.- Metabolic Changes During Cold Acclimation and Subsequent Freezing and Thawing.- Biochemical and Biophysical Changes in Relation to Cold Hardiness.- Molecular Biology of Conifer Frost Tolerance and Potential Applications to Tree Breeding.- Section III: Seedling Production and Reforestation.- Influence of Nursery Cultural Practices on Cold Hardiness of Coniferous Forest Tree Seedlings.- Frost-Related Problems in the Establishment of Coniferous Forests.- Section IV: Impacts of Biotic and Abiotic Factors.- Interaction of Microorganisms, Insects, and Freezing Injury on Conifers.- Impacts of Climate Change on Cold Hardiness of Conifers.- Impacts of Air Pollutants on Cold Hardiness.- Section V: Methods and Analysis of Cold Hardiness.- Methods for Measuring Cold Hardiness of Conifers.- The Analysis of Cold Hardiness Experiments.- Modelling Cold Hardiness Development and Loss in Conifers.- Section VI: Species Examples.- Cold Hardiness of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.).- Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) Cold Hardiness and Freezing Injury Susceptibility.- Cold Hardiness of Yellow-Cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D.Don) Spach).- Cold Hardiness of Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don).- Index of species.- Index of subjects.