Science and Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes

Disposal Strategies and Technology Needs.- Overview of U. S. Radioactive Tank Problem.- Science Needs for Tank Waste Remediation.- Tanks Focus Area: Technology Program to Meet DOE’s Tank Waste Clean-up Needs.- Proposed INEEL Treatment Plan for Liquid Acidic Waste and Calcine.- DOE Regulatory Reform Initiative-Vitrified Mixed Waste.- Results of U. S./Russian Collaboration on High-Level Waste Tank Problems.- Characterization and Retrieval.- Comparisons of Historical Process Estimates with Tank Waste Assays.- A Risk and Outcome Based Strategy for Justifying Characterization to Resolve Tank Waste Safety Issues.- Technical Approach to Characterization of Residual Waste at Hanford Tank Sites in Support of Waste Retrieval and Tank Closure Alternatives.- Vadose Zone Characterization for High-Level Waste Tank Closure.- Qualification of Raman Analysis on Hanford Tank Waste.- Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Analysis of Hanford High-Level Waste Materials.- The Development of Physical Property Simulants for DOE Radioactive Tank Wastes.- Radioactive Slurry Transport Issues and Proposed Monitoring Equipment for the Hanford Site.- Tank Waste Pretreatment Processes.- Solids Control in Sludge Pretreatment.- Enhanced Sludge Washing for Pretreating Hanford Tank Sludges.- In-Tank Precipitation with Tetraphenylborate: Recent Process and Research Results..- Combining Solvent Extraction Processes for Actinide and Fission Product Separations.- Demonstration of the TRUEX Process for the Treatment of Actual High-Activity Tank Waste at the INEEL Using Centrifugal Contactors.- Demonstration of the SREX Process for the Treatment of Actual High-Activity Tank Waste at the INEEL Using Centrifugal Contactors.- Development and Properties of Cesium Selective CrystallineSilicotitanate (CST) Ion Exchangers for Radioactive Waste Applications.- Evaluation of a Sodium Nonatitanate, Sodium Titanosilicate, and Pharmacosiderite-Type Ion Exchangers for Strontium Removal from DOE Waste and Hanford N-Springs Groundwater Simulants.- Technetium Oxidation State Adjustment for Hanford Waste Processing.- Tank Waste Immobilization Processes and Experience.- Startup of Savannah River’s Defense Waste Processing Facility to Produce Radioactive Glass.- Grout and Vitrification Formula Development for Immobilization of Hazardous Radioactive Tank Sludges at ORNL.- Vitrification Pilot Plant Experiences at Fernald, Ohio.- Pilot-Scale Vitrification of Oak Ridge Central Neutralization Facility (CNF) and B&C Pond Sludges.- Immobilization of High-Level Radioactive Sludges in Iron Phosphate Glass.- Glass Chemistry Development Strategy for Hanford High-Level Waste (HLW).- Performance Assessment Modeling for Savannah River Glass HLW Disposal in a Potential Repository at Yucca Mountain.- Source Term Analysis for Hanford Low-Activity Tank Waste Using the Storm Code: A Coupled Unsaturated Flow and Reactive Transport Model.- Process Control and Monitoring Technology.- Detecting 137Cs Breakthrough in an Ion Exchange Process.- Comparative Testing of Slurry Monitors.- An Ultrasonic Instrument for Measuring Density and Viscosity of Tank Waste.- High Performance Gamma Spectroscopy Measurements of Equipment Retrieved from Hanford High-Level Nuclear Waste Tanks.- High-Level Waste Characterization and Process Monitoring Technology Development Activities in Response to the DOE 2006 Plan.- Performance of NDA Techniques on a Vitrified Waste Form.- Slurry Ultrasonic Particle Size and Concentration Characterization.- On-line Sensor to Measure the Density of a Liquid or Slurry.-In-Situ Mineralization of Actinides for Groundwater Cleanup: Laboratory Demonstration with Soil from the Fernald Environmental Management Project.- Contributors.