Advances in Medicine & Biology

This continuing series gathers and presents original research results on the leading edge of medicine and biology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial topical data across a broad spectrum. Topics discussed in this compilation include antioxidants in common spices and their health benefits; a review of pre-processing of photoplethysmography (Ppg) signals and features analysis; blood supply in major diseases and its clinical impact; pharmaceutical regulations and the quality of medicine in the Sudanese market; blood supply and its clinical significance in wound healing and surgery; cost per dose estimation and economic comparison of inactivated influenza virus vaccine and plasmid DNA influenza vaccine; blood transfusion and anastomotic complications in oesophageal reconstructive surgery; technician voice loudness and spirometric results in healthy subjects; and the physiological aspects of oxygen transport to peripheral tissues by retrograde perfusion and distal vein arterialisation.