Biology of Invertebrate and Lower Vertebrate Collagens

I: Introduction.- Invertebrate Collagens in the Scheme of Things.- Collagen and Animal Phylogeny.- II: General Data on Collagen Biochemistry Molecular Assembly and Interactions.- Collagen Families — Evolutionary Adaptations of Molecular and Macromolecular Structures to Physiological Functions.- The Different Types of Collagen Present in Cartilaginous Tissues.- Collagen Cross-Linking.- Structure of Collagen Fibrils.- Role of Collagenous and Non-Collagenous Components in Biological Calcification.- Mediation of Cell Matrix Interactions by Collagen and Laminin Binding Cell Surface Proteins.- Metazoan Mesenchyme Partitions the Extracellular Space during Matrix Morphogenesis.- Spatial Organization of Collagen Fibrils in Skeletal Tissues: Analogies with Liquid Crystals.- Collagen Gene Structure.- III: Invertebrate and Lower Vertebrate Collagens.- Porifera.- The Collagen of the Porifera.- Sponge Gemmule Coats: Germanium Modification of a Collagenous Structure.- Two Distinct Populations of Collagen Fibrils in a “Sclerosponge”.- The Role of Sponge Collagens in the Diet of the Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata).- Coelenterata.- Collagen of Coelenterates.- The Collagenous Component of Veretilium cynomorium (Cnidaria).- Achelminthes.- The Collagen of Aschelminthes.- Ultrastructural Study of the Connective Tissues of Parascaris equorum.- Annelida.- The Collagens of the Annelida.- The Interstitial Collagen of Lumbricus sp. (Annelida).- Long Pitch Helices in Invertebrate Collagens.- Similarity between Earthworm Cuticle Collagen and the Chemoattractant for Garter Snakes Solubilized from the Exterior Surface of Earthworms.- Mollusca.- The Collagen of the Mollusca.- The Role of Collagen in the Mechanical Design of Squid Mantle.- The Sclerotization of the Collagenous ByssalThreads of Mytilus edulis L..- Ultrastructural and Biochemical Study on Collagen from the Neural Sheath of Sepia officinalis.- Comparative Ultrastructural Analysis on the Connective Tissue Organization of Neural Sheaths in Mollusca.- Quantitative Analysis on the Distribution of Collagen Fibril Diameters in the Neural Sheath of Sepia officinalis.- A Collagen Analogue System in Nucella lapillus (Prosobranchia, Stenoglossa).- Crosslinking and Chemical Characterization of Cephalopod Collagens.- Arthropoda.- The Collagen of the Arthropoda.- Echinodermata.- The Collagen of the Echinodermata.- Graptolites.- The Fine Structure of Graptolite Periderms.- Fishes.- The Interstitial Collagens of the Fishes.- The Selachian Egg Case Collagen.- Elastoidin.- Comparative Fine Structure of the Actinotrichia (Elastoidin) in Developing Teleost and Dipnoi Fish Fins.- Collagen and Mineralization in the Elasmoid Scales.- The Deep Scleroblast of the Regenerating Teleost Scale: a Model of Cell Producing a Collagenic Plywood.- Nidamental Gland Secreting the Dog-Figh Egg-Shell.- IV: Workshops on the Methodological Problems in the Analyses of Invertebrate and Lower Vertebrate Collagens.- Methods of Extraction, Purification and Reprecipitation.- Collagen immunotyping.- The Banding Pattern of Collagen.- Dielectric Spectroscopy in Collagen.- V: Conclusions.- Evolution and Collagen.- Concluding Remarks.- Participants.- Systematic Index.