The Bacteriophages

1 Biology of the Bacteriophage ?X174.- I. Introduction.- II. Background.- III. Phage Structure.- IV. Infection.- V. DNA Synthesis and Packaging.- VI. Gene Expression.- VII. Lysis.- VIII. Effects of ?X174 Genes on Host Bacterial Cells.- IX. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 2 The P2-like Phages and Their Parasite, P4.- I. Introduction.- II. The Virions.- III. The Genomes.- IV. Life Cycles of P2-like Phages.- V. The Life Cycle of Phage P4.- VI. Appendixes.- References.- 3 Strategies of Bacteriophage DNA Replication.- I. Introduction.- II. Replication of Single-Stranded DNA Molecule Bacteriophages M13, fd, fl, G4, and ?X174.- III. Replication of Circular Double-Stranded Bacteriophages.- IV. Replication of Double-Stranded Linear Bacteriophages.- References.- 4 Regulation of Phage Gene Expression by Termination and Antitermination of Transcription.- I. Introduction.- II. Coliphage Lambda.- III. P2 Phages and Satellite Phage P4.- IV. Conclusions.- References.- 5 DNA Packaging in dsDNA Bacteriophages.- I. Introduction.- II. Energetics and Mechanism of DNA Translocation.- III. Structure of Packaged Phage DNA.- IV. Terminase and Headful Cutting of Concatemeric DNA in Packaging.- V. Interactions of DNA Packaging with Other DNA Processes in Vivo, and DNA Structural Requirements for Packaging.- VI. Conclusions.- References.- 6 Filamentous Bacteriophage.- I. Introduction.- II. Genes and Proteins.- III. Virion Structure.- IV. Infection.- V. DNA Replication.- VI. Expression of the f1 Genes.- VII. Morphogenesis.- VIII. Genetics and Physiology.- IX. Other Reviews and Conclusions.- References.- 7 Bacteriophage N4.- I. Introduction.- II. The Virion.- III. The Genome.- IV. N4 Adsorption.- V. N4 Growth Cycle.- VI. N4 Transcription.- VII. N4 Replication.- VIII. N4 Genetics.- IX.Prospects.- References.- 8 Lipid-Containing Bacteriophages.- I. Introduction.- II. Bacteriophage ?6.- III. PRD1-Type Phages.- IV. Morphogenetic Proteins in Phage Membrane Assembly.- References.- 9 Phage T4 Structure and Metabolism.- I. Introduction and Overview.- II. Structure and Initiation of Infection.- III. Regulation of Transcription.- IV. Posttranscriptional Controls.- V. Modification and Restriction of T4 DNA.- VI. DNA Replication and Recombination.- VII. DNA Packaging.- VIII. Virion Structure and Assembly.- IX. Outlook.- References.- 10 Phages of Cyanobacteria.- I. Introduction.- II. Genetics.- III. Physiology.- IV. Ecology.- V. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 11 Bacteriophage P22.- I. Introduction.- II. Life Cycle.- III. Genetic Structure and Function.- References.- 12 Bacteriophage Gene Products That Cause Human Disease.- I. Introduction.- II. Diphtheria Toxin.- III. Botulinum Toxin.- IV. Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxins.- V. Staphylococcal Enterotoxins.- VI. Shigalike Toxins of Escherichia coli.- VII. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 13 Structure and Function of the Transcription Activator Protein cII and Its Regulatory Signals.- I. Introduction.- II. cII-Regulated Promoter Signals.- III. Physical, Chemical, and Functional Characterization of Purified cII Protein.- IV. Sequence-Specific DNA Binding.- V. Domain Analysis of cII Protein.- VI. Cross-Reactivity of ? cII and P22 Cl Proteins on Promoter Signals from ?, P22, and i21 Phages.- VII. Control of cII Degradation.- References.