Fortschritte der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe/Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products/Progrès Dans la Chimie des Substances Organiques Naturelles

Some Biochemical and Nutritional Aspects in Fat Chemistry.- I. Introduction.- 1. General Remarks on Fat Composition.- a) Non-solvent Crystallization.- b) Crystallization from Solvents.- c) Fractional Distillation.- d) Chromatographic Separation.- e) Counter current Distribution.- f) Ultraviolet Spectroscopy.- g) Raman Spectroscopy.- h) Determination of Triglyceride Structure.- 2. Composition of Substances Associated with Triglycerides.- 3. Factors Influencing the Composition of Fats.- II. Nutritional Evaluation of Fats in General.- 1. Functions of Fat in the Animal.- 2. The Digestibility of Fats.- a) The Digestibility in Man of Vegetable and Animal Fats with Melting Points Below 500 C.- b) The Digestibility in Man of Vegetable and Animal Fats with Melting Points Above 500 C.- c) Digestibility of Oleomargarines.- d) Digestibility of Polymerized Oils.- e) Digestibility of Fats in Animals Other than Man.- f) Factors Influencing the Digestibility of Fats.- g) Utilization of Fats Introduced Parenterally.- 3. The Rate of Absorption of Fats from the Gastrointestinal Tract.- 4. Fats as Sources of "Essential" Fatty Acids.- 5. Fat-Vitamin Interrelationships.- a) Thiamin and Fat.- b) Riboflavin and Fat.- c) Pantothenic Acid and Fat.- d) Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) and Fat.- e) Niacin, Folic Acid, and Fat.- f) Biotin and Fat.- g) Fat-soluble Vitamins and Fats.- 6. Relation of Fat to Protein Metabolism.- 7. Fats in Relation to Specific Dynamic Action of Foodstuffs.- 8. Fats in Relation to Growth.- 9. Fats in Relation to Sexual Maturity.- 10. Fats in Relation to Pregnancy and Lactation.- 11. Fats in Relation to Work Capacity and Survival.- 12. Fats as Antithyrotoxic Agents.- 13. Optimum Fat Levels in the Diet.- III. Comparison of the Nutritional Value of Animal and Vegetable Fats.- 1. General Remarks.- 2. The Comparative Amounts of Vitamins and Essential Fatty Acids in Animal and Vegetable Fats.- a) Vitamin A and Provitamin A.- b) Vitamin D.- c) Vitamin E.- d) Unsaturated Fatty Acid Content in Animal and Vegetable Fats.- 3. Comparative Digestibility and Absorption of Animal and Vegetable Fats.- 4. Growth Tests with Vegetable and Animal Fats.- a) Experiments with Normal Rats.- b) Experiments on Prematurely-Weaned Rats.- c) Comparative Effectiveness of Animals Receiving Fats in a Restricted Diet.- d) Experiments on Rats Using Growth Hormones.- e) Growth and Nutrition Experiments on Children.- 5. Pregnancy and Lactation Performance of Rats Receiving Animal and Vegetable Fats.- 6. Growth and Reproduction of Rats over Many Generations on a Diet Containing a Vegetable Margarine.- IV. Conclusions.- References.- Odeurs et parfums des animaux.- Rôle de l'odeur dans le regne animal.- Drogues animales utilisées en parfumerie.- I. Produits d'excrétion des glandes sébacées.- 1° Musc et civette.- a) Le Musc.- b) La Civette.- c) La chimie des grands cycles.- d) Premières synthèses de cétones macrocycliques.- e) Synthèses de la muscone.- f) Synthèses de la civettone.- 2° Constitution chimique et odeur musquée des substances macrocycliques.- 3° Musc américain.- 4° Autres animaux à sécrétion musquée.- 5° Substances soufrées des Mustélidés et d'autres animaux.- 6° Castoréum.- 7° Suintine.- 8° Yacarol.- II. Concrétions intestinales.- 1° Ambre gris.- Composition chimique de l'ambre gris.- Ambréine.- Biosynthèse de l'ambréine et formation de l'ambre gris.- Essais synthétiques dans la série de l'ambréine.- 2° Bézoards.- III. Substances odorantes de l'urine de Vertébrés.- I° Dérivés de l'ionone.- a) De l'urine de Lapin.- b) De l'urine de Jument gravide.- 2° Phénols de l'urine de Jument gravide.- 3° Acides de l'urine de Jument gravide.- 4° Les Stéroïdes odorants.- 5° Divers.- IV. Fèces.- Hyracéum.- Conclusions.- Bibliographie.- Vorkommen und biochemisches Verhalten der Chinone.- Wien.- I. Natürlich vorkommende Chinone.- Das Vorkommen von Chinonen im Mineralreich.- Chinone bakteriellen Ursprunges.- Durch Pilze erzeugt