Adsorption by Powders and Porous Solids

Jean Rouquerol is the former Director of the CNRS Thermodynamics and Microcalorimetry Center in Marseilles, France and is now Emeritus Director of Research at the MADIREL Laboratory, Aix-Marseille University, France. He is a leading authority on adsorption thermodynamics, thermal analysis methodology and adsorption calorimetry. Françoise Rouquerol leads a Research team at the Centre de Thermodynamique et de Microcalorimetrie and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Marseille, France. She is also a Senior Professor at the University of Provence, France. Philip Llewellyn was Team Leader at MADIREL Laboratory, France until 2020; he is now CCUS R&D Program Manager for TotalEnergie in Pau, France. He is a renowned scientist in gas adsorption and its applications. Guillaume Maurin is a Professor and Team Leader at the Institut Charles Gerhart of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France. He is an internationally recognized in the field of molecular simulations applied to the adsorption in porous solids. Kenneth Sing (1925-2016) was an Emeritus Professor at Brunel University and Visiting Professor at Bristol University, both in the UK. He was an influential figure in colloid and surface science and was co-author of the well-known book Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity.

Preface List of main symbols 1. Introduction             1.1. Importance of adsorption    1.2. Historical aspects    1.3. IUPAC definitions and terminology    1.4. Physisorption and chemisorption    1.5. Physisorption isotherms    1.6. Energetics of physisorption and molecular modelling    1.7. Diffusion of adsorbed molecules

2. Thermodynamics of adsorption at the gas-solid interface        2.1. Introduction    2.2. Quantitative expression of adsorption    2.3. Thermodynamic potentials of adsorption    2.4. Thermodynamic quantities related to the adsorbed states in the Gibbs representation    2.5. Thermodynamic quantities related to the adsorption process    2.6. Indirect derivation of the adsorption quantities of adsorption from of a series of         Experimental physisorption isotherms : the isosteric method    2.7. Derivation of the adsorption quantities from calorimetric data     2.8. Other methods for the determination of differential enthalpies of gas adsorption    2.9. State equations for high pressure: single gas and mixtures

3. Methodology of gas adsorption           3.1. Introduction    3.2. Determination of the surface excess amount (and amount adsorbed)    3.3. Gas adsorption calorimetry    3.4. Adsorbent outgassing    3.5. Presentation of experimental data

4. Adsorption at the liquid-solid interface         4.1. Introduction    4.2. Energetics of immersion in pure liquid    4.3. Adsorption from liquid solution

5. The interpretation of physisorption isotherms at the gas-solid interface: the classical approach    5.1. Introduction    5.2. Adsorption of a pure gas    5.3. Adsorption of a gas mixture

6. Molecular simulation and modelling of physisorption in porous solids        6.1. Introduction    6.2. Microscopic description of the porous solids    6.3. Intermolecular potential function    6.4. Characterization computational tools    6.5. Modeling of adsorption in porous solids    6.6. Modeling of diffusion in porous solids.    6.7. Conclusions and future challenges

7. Assessment of surface area         7.1. Introduction    7.2. The BET method    7.3. Empirical methods of isotherm analysis    7.4. The fractal approach    7.5. Conclusions and recommendations

8. Assessment of mesoporosity    8.1. Introduction         8.2. Mesopore volume, porosity and mean pore size    8.3. Capillary condensation and the Kelvin equation    8.4. ‘Classical’ computation of the mesopore size distribution    8.5. DFT computation of the mesopore size distribution     8.6. Hysteresis loops    8.7. Conclusions and recommendations

9. Assessment of microporosity                     9.1. Introduction    9.2. Gas physisorption isotherm analysis    9.3. Microcalorimetric methods    9.4. Conclusions and recommendations

10. Adsorption by active carbons       10.1. Introduction     10.2. Active carbons: preparation, properties and applications     10.3. Physisorption of gases by non-porous carbons     10.4. Physisorption of gases by porous carbons     10.5. Adsorption at the carbon-liquid interface     10.6. Low pressure hysteresis and adsorbent deformation     10.7. Characterization of active carbons: conclusions and recommendations   11. Adsorption by metal oxides         11.1. Introduction     11.2. Silica     11.3. Alumina     11.4. Titanium dioxide     11.5. Magnesium oxide     11.6. Other oxides: chromium, iron, zinc, zirconium, beryllium and uranium     11.7. Applications of adsorbent properties of metal oxides

12. Adsorption by clays, pillared clays, zeolites and aluminophosphates     12.1. Introduction     12.2. Structure, morphology and adsorbent properties of layer silicates     12.3. Pillared clays – structures and properties     12.4. Zeolites – synthesis, pore structures and molecular sieve properties     12.5. Aluminophosphate molecular sieves – structures and properties     12.6. Applications of clays, zeolites and phosphate-based molecular sieves

13. Adsorption by ordered mesoporous materials     13.1. Introduction     13.2. Ordered mesoporous silicas     13.3. Effect of surface functionalization on adsorption properties     13.4. Ordered organosilica materials     13.5. Replica materials

14. Adsorption by metal-organic frameworks      14.1. Introduction     14.2. Assessment and meaning of the BET area of MOFs     14.3. Effect of changing the nature of the ligands     14.4. Effect of changing the metal centre     14.5. Changing the nature of other surface sites     14.6. Influence of extra-framework species     14.7. Special case of the flexibility of MOFs     14.8. Towards application performances