Ballistics

Donald E. Carlucci has been an engineer at the U.S. Army Armament, Research, Development and Engineering Center, Picatinny Arsenal, since May 1989. He is currently the U.S. Army senior scientist for computational structural modeling based at Picatinny. He holds a doctor of philosophy in mechanical engineering (2002) and a master of engineering (mechanical) (1995) degree from the Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey. In 1987, he received his bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey. Dr. Carlucci is an adjunct professor of mechanical engineering at the Stevens Institute of Technology. Sidney S. Jacobson was a researcher, designer, and developer of ammunition and weapons at the U.S. Army’s Picatinny Arsenal in New Jersey for 35 years. He rose from junior engineer to associate director for R&D at the arsenal. In 1972, he was awarded an Arsenal Educational Fellowship to study continuum mechanics at Princeton University where he received his second MS degree (1974). He earned a master of science in applied mechanics from Stevens Institute of Technology (1958) and a bachelor of arts in mathematics from Brooklyn College (1951). He retired in 1986 but maintains his interest in the field through teaching, consulting, and lecturing.

Part I Interior Ballistics
Introductory Concepts
Ballistic Disciplines
Terminology
Units and Symbols

Physical Foundation of Interior Ballistics
Ideal Gas Law
Other Gas Laws
Thermophysics and Thermochemistry
Thermodynamics
Combustion
Solid Propellant Combustion
Fluid Mechanics
References

Analytic and Computational Ballistics
Computational Goal
Lagrange Gradient
Chambrage Gradient
Numerical Methods in Interior Ballistics
Sensitivities and Efficiencies
References

Ammunition Design Practice
Stress and Strain
Failure Criteria
Ammunition Types
Propellant Ignition
The Gun Chamber
Propellant Charge Construction
Propellant Geometry
Cartridge Case Design
Projectile Design
Shell Structural Analysis
Buttress Thread Design
Sabot Design
References
Further Readings
Weapon Design Practice

Fatigue and Endurance
Tube Design
Gun Dynamics
Muzzle Devices and Associated Phenomena
Gun Dynamics Nomenclature
References
Further Readings

Part II Exterior Ballistics
Introductory Concepts
References
Further Reading

Dynamics Review
Reference
Further Readings

Trajectories
Vacuum Trajectory
Simple Air Trajectory (Flat Fire)
Wind Effects on a Simple Air Trajectory
Generalized Point Mass Trajectory
Six Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) Trajectory
Modified Point Mass Trajectory
Probability of First Round Hit
References
Further Readings

Linearized Aeroballistics
Linearized Pitching and Yawing Motions
Gyroscopic and Dynamic Stabilities
Yaw of Repose
Roll Resonance
References

Mass Asymmetries
References

Lateral Throwoff
Static Imbalance
Dynamic Imbalance
References

Swerve Motion
Aerodynamic Jump
Epicyclic Swerve
Drift
Reference

Nonlinear Aeroballistics
Nonlinear Forces and Moments
Bilinear and Trilinear Moments
References

Part III Terminal Ballistics
Introductory Concepts
Penetration Theories
Penetration and Perforation of Metals
Penetration and Perforation of Concrete
Penetration and Perforation of Soils
Penetration and Perforation of Ceramics
Penetration and Perforation of Composites
References

Shock Physics
Shock Hugoniots
Rarefaction Waves
Stress Waves in Solids
Detonation Physics
Explosives Equations of State
References
Further Readings

Introduction to Explosive Effects
Gurney Method
Taylor Angles
Mott Formula
References
Further Reading

Shaped Charges
Shaped Charge Jet Formation
Shaped Charge Jet Penetration
References
Further Reading

Wound Ballistics
References
Further Reading

Appendices
Index