Metals in Cells

Prof. Robert A. Scott (Editor-in-Chief Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry) Distinguished Research Professor, University of Georgia, USA. Prof. Valeria Culotta, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Joint Departmental Affiliations Environmental Health Sciences Research in the Culotta lab focuses on the role of metal ions and oxygen radicals in biology and disease. Metal ions such as copper, iron and manganese are not only trace nutrients but can be quite toxic. One mechanism of toxicity is through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been implicated in numerous human disorders from neurodegeneration to cancer to aging. Through molecular genetic approaches and high through-put genetic screens in yeast, we have identified a number genes and pathways that are involved in transition metal and reactive oxygen metabolism. Virtually all are well conserved throughout eukaryotes including humans. Our laboratory uses a combination of yeast, C. elegans and cell culture systems at the crossroads of bioinorganic chemistry, cell biology and molecular genetics.

Contributors xi

Series Preface xix

Volume Preface xxi

PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1

Mechanisms Controlling the Cellular Metal Economy 3
Benjamin A. Gilston and Thomas V. O’Halloran

PART 2: PROBING METALS AND CROSS TALK IN THE METALLOME 15

The Metallome 17
Vadim N. Gladyshev and Yan Zhang

Cyanobacterial Models that Address Cross-Talk in Metal Homeostasis 39
Carl J. Patterson, Rafael Pernil, Andrew W. Foster and Nigel J. Robinson

Sparing and Salvaging Metals in Chloroplasts 51
Crysten E. Blaby-Haas and Sabeeha S. Merchant

Fluorescent Probes for Monovalent Copper 65
M. Thomas Morgan, Pritha Bagchi and Christoph J. Fahrni

Fluorescent Zinc Sensors 85
Amy E. Palmer, Jose G. Miranda and Kyle P. Carter

X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy 99
James E. Penner-Hahn

PART 3: MOVING METALS IN CELLS 111

Iron and Heme Transport and Trafficking 113
Yvette Y. Yien and Barry H. Paw

Iron in Plants 131
Jessica B. Weng and Mary Lou Guerinot

Transport of Nickel and Cobalt in Prokaryotes 145
Thomas Eitinger

Transport Mechanism and Cellular Functions of Bacterial Cu(I)-ATPases 155
Jose M. Arguello, Teresita Padilla-Benavides and Jessica M. Collins

Copper Transport in Fungi 163
Simon Labbe, Jude Beaudoin and Raphael Ioannoni

Structural Biology of Copper Transport 175
Adrian G. Flores, Christopher R. Pope and Vinzenz M. Unger

Zinc Transporters and Trafficking in Yeast 183
Yi-Hsuan Wu and David J. Eide

Cadmium Transport in Eukaryotes 195
Nathan Smith, Wenzhong Wei and Jaekwon Lee

PART 4: METALS IN REGULATION 207

Metal Specificity of Metallosensors 209
Khadine A. Higgins and David P. Giedroc

Metal Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress in Bacillus subtilis 225
Zhen Ma and John D. Helmann

Regulation of Manganese and Iron Homeostasis in the Rhizobia and Related α-Proteobacteria 237
Mark R. O’Brian

The Iron Starvation Response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 249
Caroline C. Philpott and Pamela M. Smith

Hepcidin Regulation of Iron Homeostasis 265
Clara Camaschella and Laura Silvestri

NikR: Mechanism and Function in Nickel Homeostasis 277
Michael D. Jones, Andrew M. Sydor and Deborah B. Zamble

Regulation of Copper Homeostasis in Plants 289
Marinus Pilon and Wiebke Tapken

Regulation of Zinc Transport 301
Taiho Kambe

Selenoproteins—Regulation 311
Lucia A. Seale and Marla J. Berry

PART 5: METALS IN CELLULAR DAMAGE AND DISEASE 321

Metals in Bacterial Pathogenicity and Immunity 323
Jennifer S. Cavet

Manganese in Neurodegeneration 335
Daiana Silva Avila, Robson Luiz Puntel, Felix Antunes Soares, Joao Batista Teixeira da Rocha and Michael Aschner

Iron Sequestration in Immunity 349
Colin Correnti and Roland K. Strong

Molecular Basis of Hemochromatosis 361
Paul J. Schmidt

Copper in Brain and Neurodegeneration 373
Jeffrey R. Liddell, Ashley I. Bush and Anthony R. White

Copper Transporting ATPases in Mammalian Cells 395
Nan Yang and Svetlana Lutsenko

Copper in Immune Cells 409
Karrera Y. Djoko, Maud E.S. Achard and Alastair G. McEwan

Selenoenzymes and Selenium Trafficking: An Emerging Target for Therapeutics 421
William Self and Sarah Rosario

Resistance Pathways for Metalloids and Toxic Metals 429
Zijuan Liu, Christopher Rensing and Barry P. Rosen

PART 6: COFACTOR ASSEMBLY 443

Fe–S Cluster Biogenesis in Archaea and Bacteria 445
Harsimranjit K. Chahal, Jeff M. Boyd and F. Wayne Outten

Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism and the Synthesis of Iron–Sulfur Clusters 473
Andrew Dancis and Paul A. Lindahl

[FeFe]-Hydrogenase Cofactor Assembly 491
Eric M. Shepard, Amanda S. Byer, Eric S. Boyd, Kevin D. Swanson, John W. Peters and Joan B. Broderick

[NiFe]-Hydrogenase Cofactor Assembly 507
Basem Soboh and R. Gary Sawers

Copper in Mitochondria 517
Katherine E. Vest and Paul A. Cobine

Mo Cofactor Biosynthesis and Crosstalk with FeS 529
Florian Bittner and Ralf R. Mendel

Nitrogenase Cofactor Assembly 543
Jared A. Wiig, Chi Chung Lee, Markus W. Ribbe and Yilin Hu

Index 555