The Great American Biotic Interchange

I. The Framework: An Overview.- 1 • A Kaleidoscope of Plates, Faunal and Floral Dispersals, and Sea Level Changes.- 2 • Caribbean Plate Relative Motions.- 3 • Geochronology and Land-Mammal Biochronology of the Transamerican Faunal Interchange.- II. In the Beginning: A Cretaceous-Paleogene View.- 4 • Mesozoic and Cenozoic Plate Evolution of the Caribbean Region.- 5 • South American Mammals in the Paleocene of North America.- 6 • Herpetofaunas of North and South America during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic: Evidence for Interchange?.- III. In Isolation: A Tertiary View.- 7 • Main Pathways of Mammalian Diversification in North America.- 8 • Main Pathways of Mammalian Diversification in South America.- 9 • South American Ungulate Evolution and Extinction.- 10 • Northern Waif Primates and Rodents.- IV. The Great Interchange: A Close View.- 11 • Caribbean Tectonics from a Paleomagnetic Perspective.- 12 • Sea Level, Climate, and the Central American Land Bridge.- 13 • History and Development of the Marine Invertebrate Faunas Separated by the Central American Isthmus.- 14 • Late Cenozoic Mammal Dispersals Between the Americas.- 15 • Fossil and Recent Avifaunas and the Interamerican Exchange.- V. After the Interchange: The Present View.- 16 • Plants, Their Pollinating Bees, and the Great American Interchange.- 17 • Patterns of Distribution of the Central American Ichthyofauna.- 18 • The American Herpetofauna and the Interchange.- 19 • Mammal Faunas of Xeric Habitats and the Great American Interchange.