Gas Flow in Nozzles

1. Introduction.- 2. General Theory of Nozzle Gas Flows.- 2.1 Basic Equations and Problem Formulation.- 2.2 Some Elementary Theories.- 2.3 Variational Problems of Gas Dynamics of Internal Flows.- 3. Numerical Methods of Studying Nozzle Gas Flows.- 3.1 Methods of Solving Relaxation Equations.- 3.2 Methods of Calculating Plane and Axisymmetric Supersonic Flows.- 3.3 Methods of Calculating Three-Dimensional Supersonic Flows.- 3.4 Methods of Solving the Inverse Problem of the Theory of Nozzles.- 3.5 Methods of Solving the Direct Problem of the Theory of Nozzles.- 4. Asymptotic Methods in the Theory of Nozzles.- 4.1 Source-Sink Method and Inverse Problem for Incompressible Fluid.- 4.2 Expansion in a Stream Function Series.- 4.3 Asymptotic Methods in the Transonic Region.- 4.4 Solution in the Neighbourhood of the Infinite Point in the Subsonic Region.- 4.5 Method of Small Perturbations for Flows Close to Radial.- 5. Nozzles of Jet Engines.- 5.1 Flow Peculiarities in the Subsonic and Transonic Parts of a Nozzle.- 5.2 Profiling of Supersonic Parts of Jet Engine Nozzles and Impulse Losses.- 5.3 Main Principles of Choosing a Jet Engine Nozzle.- 6. Flows with Physico-Chemical Transformations.- 6.1 Isentropic Flows and Intermolecular Interaction.- 6.2 Flows with Nonequilibrium Chemical Reactions.- 6.3 Flows with Vibrational Relaxation.- 6.4 Two-Phase Flows.- 6.5 Conductive Gas Nozzle Flows in the Presence of an Electromagnetic Field.- 6.6 Multilayer Nozzle Flows.- 7 Special Nozzles, Three-Dimensional Flows, Viscosity Effect.- 7.1 Annular Nozzles and Wind Tunnel Nozzles.- 7.2 Conical Nozzles.- 7.3 Swirling Nozzle Flows.- 7.4 Three-Dimensional Nozzle Flows.- 7.5 Flows at Small Reynolds Numbers.- Nomenclature.- References.