Women’s Health and Menopause

I. Menopause as a Medical and Social Issue.- The Problem of Menopause in Europe.- Menopause: Problems and Interventions in the United States.- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Oral Contraceptives: Limitations of Epidemiological Studies.- II. Ovarian Senescence.- Genetic Factors in Follicular Aging.- Premature Menopause.- When Should Hormonal Replacement Therapy Be Introduced? Associated Problems.- III. Connective Tissue and Bone.- Connective Tissue Changes.- The Effect of Low Dose Estrogen on Bone Mass in the Late Postmenopausal Years.- Perimenopausal Changes in Body Weight, Body Fat Distribution, Hormonal Replacement Therapy.- IV. Osteoporosis.- The Effects of Estrogen Receptor Gene Disruption on Bone.- Osteoporosis: Different Treatment Options.- Inherited Risk of Osteoporosis: A Piece in the Puzzle of Menopause Genetics.- Estrogen Replacement Therapy And Osteoporosis: Practical Implications Of New Research Findings.- V. Cardiovascular Risk.- HRT, Plasma Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease.- Menopause, HRT, and Hemostasis.- Angina in Women.- Effect of Estrogen on Anatomical and Functional Sequelae of Coronary Artery Disease.- Cardiovascular Disease: Reduced Mortality with Long-Term HRT Treatment.- HRT and The Secondary Prevention Of Coronary Heart Disease.- VI. Vascular Biology.- Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Dyslipidemic Postmenopausal Women: A Comparison Between Transdermal and Oral Estrogen.- Which Effects Does Early HRT Have on Perimenopausal Changes in the Lipoprotein Profile, Glucose Metabolism, and Blood Coagulation-Fibrinolysis System?.- Blood Flows in Cerebral Arteries after Suspension of Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy. A Randomized Crossover Study.- Influence of Melatonin on the Internal Carotid Artery Pulsatility Index of Young and Aged Women.- VII. Cognitive Processes and Dementia in Elderly Women.- Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Types of Dementias.- Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Cognitive Functions in Elderly Women.- Hormonal Replacement Therapy, Cognitive Disturbances, and Alzheimer’s Disease.- VIII. Central Nervous System.- Hormone Replacement Therapy in the Prevention and Treatment of Climacteric Depression.- Estrogen Across the Lifespan and Alzheimer’s Disease.- Estrogen Effect on Brain Biology and Cognition.- Dysphoria and Mood Disorders in Menopause.- A Model System for the Study of Estrogen Receptor Activity in Cells of Neural Origin.- IX. Neoplasia.- The Risk of Breast Cancer in Relation to Hormone Replacement Therapy.- Potential Benefits cf Estrogen and Progestogen on Malignancy.- Hormone Replacement Therapy After Breast Cancer.- X. HRT and the Endometrium.- >Endometrial Histology: Findings from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial.- Effects of Quarterly Hormone Replacement Therapy on Climacteric Symptoms, Endometrial Safety, and Lipoproteins.- XI. HRT: Addressing the Needs of Women and Physicians.- Individualization of Hormone Replacement Therapy.- Clinical Experiences with a Combination of Estradiol Valerate and Cyproterone Acetate for Hormone Replacement.- HRT: From Motivation to Compliance.- XII. The Overall Benefit and Safety Profile of CEE+MPA In a Continuous Sequential or Combined Regimen.- The Pharmacologic Profile of Conjugated Equine Estrogens.- Hormone Replacement Therapy with Conjugated Equine Estrogens and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate.- Bleeding Patterns and Compliance with CEE plus MPA Continuous Sequential or Combined Regimens in Postmenopausal Women.- CEE-MPA: A Relevant Reduction inCardiovascular Disease Risk.- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast and Gynecologic Cancers.- XIII. New Drugs and Alternative Treatment.- Raloxifene HCl: A Tissue Selective Estrogen Receptor Modifier (SERM) for Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women.- Dietary Phyto-Estrogens and the Menopause.- Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in Menopausal Women: Alternative Treatment to Hormonal Replacement Therapy.