Evolutionary Biology

1. Function and Evolution of Actins.- Functions of Actin.- Analysis and Evolutionary Relationships of Actin Gene and Protein Sequences.- Conservation of Intron Positions in Eukaryotic Genes.- Conclusions.- References.- 2. Evolutionary and Population Perspectives of the Human HLA Comple.- The MHC and HLA.- The Provinces Francaises Survey.- Single-Locus Analyses.- Multilocus Analyses.- Summary.- References.- 3. Protein Heterozygosity, Protein Structure, and Taxonomic Differentiation.- Background Information.- Variation in Mean Heterozygosity among Species among Taxa.- The Extent of Population Subdivision among Taxa.- Enzyme Heterozygosity and Taxonomic Classification.- Enzyme Structure, Function, and Heterozygosity.- Discussion.- Summary.- References.- Data Base References.- 4. Accumulation of Lethals and Suppression of Genetic Load in Irradiated Populations of Drosophila melanogaster.- Materials and Methods.- Results.- Discussion.- References.- 5. Evolutionary Adaptation and Stress: The Fitness Gradient.- The “Subsidy—Stress” Gradient.- Habitats and Fitness.- Stress Extremes.- Relationships across the Gradient.- Multiple Stresses: Metabolic Costs.- Monitoring Atmospheric Pollution.- The Fitness Gradient.- Stress and Reductionism.- Summary.- References.- 6. Molecular Clones within Organismal Clones: Mitochondrial DNA Phylogenies and the Evolutionary Histories of Unisexual Vertebrates.- Methods.- Inheritance of mtDNA in Unisexual Vertebrates.- Genetic Diversity within Unisexual and Bisexual Taxa.- Phylogenetic Relationships of Unisexual and Bisexual Taxa.- The Number of Formational Hybrid Events.- Evolutionary Ages of Unisexual Biotypes.- Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 7. Crop Domestication and the Evolutionary Ecology of Cocona (Solarium sessiliflorumDunal).- Crop Domestication.- Cocona.- Study Sites.- Standard Techniques.- Experiments and Results.- The Models.- Discussion.- References.- 8. The Support of Hydrostatic Load in Cephalopod Shells: Adaptive and Ontogenetic Explanations of Shell Form and Evolution from Hooke 1695 to the Present.- The Problem Prior to 1960.- William Buckland and Adaptation.- Spath versus Morphogenesis—Vitalism.- Westermann versus Arkell.- The Post-1960 Emphasis on Functional Studies.- Summary.- References.- 9. Inversion Polymorphism in Island Species of Drosophila.- Karyotype Evolution in the D. mulleri Complex.- Discussion.- Summary.- References.