Physicochemical Methods in the Study of Biomembranes

1 Intracellular Lipid Distribution, Transport, and Sorting: A Cell Biologist’s Need for Physicochemical Information.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Intracellular Lipid Topology: Some Problems.- 3. How Do Lipids Get Where They Are?.- 4. Final Remarks.- 5. References.- 2 Biophysical Characterization of Membrane and Cytoskeletal Proteins by Sedimentation Analysis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Concepts.- 3. Sample Preparation.- 4. Instrumentation.- 5. Sedimentation Velocity.- 6. Diffusion.- 7. Sedimentation Equilibrium.- 8. References.- 3 Monomolecular Layers in the Study of Biomembranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Techniques for the Study of Monomolecular Films.- 3. Examples of the Use of Monomolecular Layers.- 4. Perspective.- 5. References.- 4 Differential Scanning and Dynamic Calorimetric Studies of Cooperative Phase Transitions in Phospholipid Bilayer Membranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Gel—Liquid-Crystalline Transition in Biological Membranes.- 3. Equilibrium Properties of Membrane Phase Transitions.- 4. Dynamic Properties of Membrane Phase Transition.- 5. Calorimetric Studies of Lipid—Protein Interactions.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- 7. References.- 5 Ektacytometry of Red Cells.- 1. History.- 2. Instrumentation.- 3. Factors Determining Erythrocyte Deformability.- 4. Membrane Properties.- 5. Ektacytometric Assays.- 6. Use of the Ektacytometer for Detection and Analysis of Membrane Defects.- 7. Transport Studies.- 8. Experimental Alteration of Membrane Mechanical Properties.- 9. Stability and Rigidity.- 10. Relationship to Other Techniques.- 11. Relationship to Blood Physiology.- 12. Molecular Basis for Membrane Mechanical Properties.- 13. References.- 6 Spin-Label ESR Study of Molecular Dynamics of Lipid/Protein Association in Membranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2.Thermodynamic Model of Lipid/Protein Association.- 3. Electrostatic Origin of Lipid Selectivity.- 4. Line Shape Effects of Solvation-to-Fluid Exchange.- 5. Slowly Exchanging Solvation Lipids.- 6. Novel Evidence for the Two-Site Exchange Model.- 7. Conclusions.- 8. References.- 7 NMR Methods for Measuring Membrane Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Concepts of NMR Relevant to Transport Analysis.- 3. Causes of Transmembrane Chemical Shift Differences.- 4. NMR Studies of Slow Membrane Transport Processes.- 5. NMR Studies of Fast Membrane Transport Processes.- 6. Compartmental Discrimination Using Diffusion Rates.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- 8. References.- 8 Determination of Soluble and Membrane Protein Structure by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: I. Assignments and Model Compounds.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Band Assignments.- 3. Secondary Structures of Peptide Model Compounds.- 4. Dipole Orientation.- 5. Extinction Coefficients.- 6. References.- 9 Determination of Soluble and Membrane Protein Structure by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: II. Experimental Aspects, Side Chain Structure, and H/D Exchange.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Aspects.- 3. Amino Acid Side Chain Structure.- 4. Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange.- 5. Lipid/Protein Ratios.- 6. References.- 10 Determination of Soluble and Membrane Protein Structure by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: III. Secondary Structures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Determination of Protein Secondary Structures by Fourier Self-Deconvolution Techniques.- 3. Determination of Protein Secondary Structures by Pattern Recognition Methods.- 4. Derivative Spectroscopy.- 5. Isotopic Labeling of Proteins.- 6. References.- 11 X-Ray Diffraction on Biomembranes with Emphasis on Lipid Moiety.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Crystal Structure of Membrane Lipids.- 3. Diffraction from Partly Ordered or Disordered Lipid Systems.- 4. X-Ray Diffraction with Synchrotron Radiation.- 5. Diffraction from Thin Lipid Films: Monolayers and Langmuir—Blodgett Films.- 6. Radiation Damage.- 7. References.