Ocean Reverberation

Section 1 — Scattering Mechanisms.- Sea surface reverberation (Invited paper).- Properties of bubble distributions relevant to surface reverberation (Invited paper).- Sound scattering from microbubble distributions near the sea surface (Invited paper).- Theoretical modeling of low frequency acoustic scattering from subsurface bubble structures.- Discrete backscatter can be dominant in rough bottom reverberation.- Sea-bottom reverberation: the role of volume inhomogeneities of the sediment.- The perturbation characterization of ocean reverberations.- The reduction of surface backscatter and ambient noise by mono-molecular films on the ocean surface.- Section 2 — High Frequency Measurements and Mechanisms.- Measurements of high frequency reverberation in shallow water.- High frequency acoustic bottom backscatter mechanisms at shallow grazing angles.- Frequency response measurements on backscattering from a shallow sea floor, using a parametric source.- Measurements of acoustic backscattering of the near-surface layer.- Section 3 — Reverberation Modelling.- Numerical modeling of three-dimensional reverberation from bottom facets (Invited paper).- Numerical simulations of lower-frequency acoustic propagation and backscatter from solitary internal waves in a shallow water environment.- Reverberation modeling with the two-way parabolic equation.- Calculations of ocean bottom and sub-bottom backscattering using a time-domain finite-difference code.- Time and angle spreading from rough sediments.- Rough surface scattering as seen through the Renormalization Group.- Long range 3-D reverberation and scattering modeling methodology.- Range-dependent, normal-mode reverberation model for bistatic Geometries.- Measurement, characterization, and modeling of ice and bottombackscattering and reverberation in the Arctic Ocean.- A reverberant-undersea model for bottom-limited environments.- Shallow water reverberation modeling.- Section 4 — ARSRP Mid-Atlantic Ridge Experiment.- An overview of the 1991 Reconnaissance Cruise of the Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program.- Long-range measurements of seafloor reverberation in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge area.- Ocean-basin scale inversion of reverberation data.- ARSRP reconn results and BISSM modeling of direct path backscatter.- Directional processing of the simulated direct path, broadbandv reverberation data and its interpretation.- Numerical scattering results for a rough, unsedimented seafloor.- The effects of seafloor roughness on reverberation: finite difference and Kirchhoff simulations.- A numerical scattering chamber for studying reverberation in the seafloor.- Section 5 Low Frequency Measurements.- Low-frequency direct-path surface and volume scattering measured using narrowband and broadband pulses.- Low-frequency surface and bottom scattering strengths measured using SUS charges.- Upslope propagation data versus two-way PE.- Section 6 — Volume Scattering.- Low-frequency volume reverberation measurements.- Low-frequency volume scatter and distant reverberation: 200–1500 Hz.- GINRUNS — A 1991 volume scattering and convergence zone experiment in the Norwegian Sea.- Volume reverberation at mid frequencies in the Norwegian Sea.- Volume reverberation in the marginal ice zone of Fram Strait.- Section 7 — Signal Processing Issues.- Analytical description and experimental results for reverberation-resistant acoustic tracking signals.- Broadband adaptive beamformer for linear-frequency-modulation active signals.- Broadband pulse distortion: waveform design issues for activesystems.- Active matched field processing for clutter rejection.- Reverberation suppression and modeling.- Sub-bottom scattering at low frequencies.- Broadband detection and classification of underwater sources.- Section 8 — Applications.- A geometrical approach to medium low frequency reverberation modeling (Invited paper).- The reverberation array heading surface.- Bistatic ocean reverberation effects.- Modeling of wide area ocean reverberation and noise.- Rapid environmental acoustic survey and modeling system.- List of Participants.- Author Index.