Guidelines for Evaluating the Characteristics of Vapor Cloud Explosions, Flash Fires, and BLEVEs (eBook)

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Acknowledgments.

A Note on Nomenclature and Units.

Glossary.

1. INTRODUCTION.

2. PHENOMENA: DESCRIPTIONS, EFFECTS, AND ACCIDENT
SCENARIOS.

2.1 Vapor Cloud Explosions.

2.2 Flash Fires.

2.3 BLEVEs.

2.4 Historical Experience.

References.

3. BASIC CONCEPTS.

3.1 Atmospheric Vapor Cloud Dispersion.

3.2 Combustion Modes.

3.3 Ignition.

3.4 Blast.

3.5 Thermal Radiation.

References.

4. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF VAPOR CLOUD EXPLOSIONS.

4.1 Overview of Experimental Research.

4.2 Overview of Computational Research.

4.3 Vapor Cloud Explosion Blast Modeling.

4.4 Summary and Discussion.

References.

5. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FLASH FIRES.

5.1 Overview of Research.

5.2 Flash-Fire Radiation Models.

5.3 Summary and Discussion.

References.

6. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BLEVEs.

6.1 Mechanism of a BLEVE.

6.2 Radiation.

6.3 Blast Effect of BLEVEs and Pressure Vessel Bursts.

6.4 Fragments.

6.5 Summary and Discussion.

References.

7. VAPOR CLOUD EXPLOSION--SAMPLE PROBLEMS.

7.1 Choice of Method.

7.2 Methods.

7.3 Sample Calculations.

7.4 Discussion.

References.

8. FLASH FIRES--SAMPLE PROBLEMS.

8.1 Method.

8.2 Sample Calculation.

9. BLEVEs--SAMPLE PROBLEMS.

9.1 Radiation.

9.2 Blast Parameter Calculations for BLEVEs and Pressure Vessel
Bursts.

9.3 Fragments.

References.

APPENDIX A. VIEW FACTORS FOR SELECTED CONFIGURATION.

A-1 View Factor of a Spherical Emitter (e.g, Fireball).

A-2 View factor of a Vertical Cylinder.

A-3 View Factor of a Vertical Plane Surface.

APPENDIX B. EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIONS ON STRUCTURES.

APPENDIX C. EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIONS ON HUMANS.

C-1 Introduction.

C-2 Primary Effects.

C-3 Secondary Effects.

C-4 Tertiary Effects.

References.

APPENDIX D. TABULATION OF SOME GAS PROPERTIES IN METRIC
UNITS.

APPENDIX E. CONVERSION FACTORS TO SI FOR SELECTED
QUANTITIES.

APPENDIX F. CASE STUDY OF GAS EXPLOSIONS IN A PROCESS PLANT
USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER CODE.

Index.