Thermodynamics for Chemists, Physicists and Engineers (eBook)

Robert Holyst (1963) is a professor at the Polish Academy of Sciences, 1998, and the University Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego (UKSW), 2001. He specializes in statistical physics, physical chemistry, and soft matter physics. He has published 170 papers (2400 citations) and 2 books in Polish, and he has over 17 years experience in teaching thermodynamics for undergraduate students. He participated in seminars at multiple universities, e.g. Harvard, MIT, ESPCI-Paris, Max Planck Institute, Oxford and Cambridge. Andrzej Poniewierski (1977) is an associate professor at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Warsaw. He has published 50 papers.

Dedication.- Preface.- Part I: Foundations of thermodynamics.- 1 Historical introduction.- 2 Basic concepts and definitions.- 2.1 Concept of thermodynamic equilibrium.- 2.2 Extensive parameters of state.- 2.3 Intensive parameters of state.- 2.4 Equations of state.- Exercises.- 3 Internal energy, work and heat.- 3.1 First law of thermodynamics.- 3.2 Isochoric process.- 3.3 Isobaric process.- 3.4 Adiabatic process.- 3.5 Isothermal process.- 3.6 Evaporation of liquids.- 3.7 Chemical reaction.- Exercises.-  4 Entropy and irreversibility of thermodynamic processes.- 4.1 Second law of thermodynamics.- 4.2 Conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium.- 4.3 Entropy as a function of state parameters.- 4.4 Changes in entropy in reversible processes.- 4.5 Heat devices.- 4.6 Changes in entropy in irreversible processes.- 4.7 Third law of thermodynamics.- Exercises.- 5 Thermodynamic potentials.- 5.1 Legendre transformation of the internal energy and entropy.- 5.2 Natural variables.- 5.3 Free-energy minimum principle.- 5.4 Examples of application of thermodynamic potentials.- 5.5 Intrinsic stability of a system.- Exercises.- Part II: Phase transitions.- 6 Phase transitions in pure substances.- 6.1 Concept of phase.- 6.2 Classification of phase transitions.- 6.3 Conditions of phase coexistence.- 6.4 Phase diagrams.- 6.5 Two-phase coexistence lines.- 6.6 Liquid–vapour two-phase region.- 6.7 Van der Waals equation of state.- Exercises.- 7 Mixtures.- 7.1 Basic concepts and relations.- 7.2 Intrinsic stability of a mixture.- 7.3 Partial molar quantities and functions of mixing.- 7.4 Mixture of ideal gases.- 7.5 Ideal mixture.- 7.6 Real mixtures.- 7.7 Phase rule.- Exercises.- 8 Phase equilibrium in ideal mixtures.- 8.1 Liquid–gas equilibrium.- 8.2 Liquid–solid equilibrium.- 8.3 Osmotic equilibrium.- 8.4 Colligative properties.- Exercises.- 9 Phase equilibrium in real mixtures.- 9.1 Liquid–vapour equilibrium.- 9.2 Liquid solutions with miscibility gap.- 9.3 Liquid–vapour equilibrium in presence of miscibility gap.- 9.4 Liquid–solid equilibrium and solid solutions.- Exercises.- Part III: Chemical thermodynamics.- 10 Systems with chemical reactions.- 10.1 Condition of chemical equilibrium.- 10.2 Effect of external perturbation on chemical equilibrium.- 10.3 Law of mass action for ideal gases.- 10.4 Thermochemistry.- 10.5 Phase rule for chemical systems.- Exercises.- 11 Electrochemical systems.- 11.1 Electrolyte solutions.- 11.2 Aqueous solutions of acids and bases.- 11.3 Electrochemical cells.- 11.4 Reversible cell.- Exercises.- Solutions .- References.- Index.