Neurophysiological Aspects of Color Vision in Primates

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Color Vision Theories. Historical Aspects.- 1.2 Electrophysiological Studies Related to Color Vision.- 2 Methods.- 2.1 Methods of Single Cell Recording in Rhesus Monkeys.- 2.2 Identification of Cone Inputs in Retinal Ganglion Cells.- 3 Types of Retinal Ganglion Cells and Their Distribution.- 3.1 Introductory Remarks.- 3.2 The Concept of Color-Opponency.- 3.3 The Various Types of Color-Opponent Cells.- 3.4 Variations in Color-Opponency.- 3.5 Spectrally Non-Opponent Ganglion Cells.- 3.6 Distribution of Classes of Ganglion Cells Across the Retina.- 3.7 A Simplified Classification Procedure.- 3.8 Résumé: Some Implications for the Understanding of the Visual System's Function.- 4 Special Properties of Blue-Sensitive Ganglion Cells.- 4.1 Some Recent Electrophysiological and Psychophysical Data on the Blue-Sensitive Cone System.- 4.2 Chromatic Adaptation and Spectral Sensitivity.- 4.3 Paradoxical Phenomena Occurring During Light and Dark Adaptation in Blue-Sensitive Ganglion Cells.- 4.4 A Model Describing the Interaction Between Cone Mechanisms in Blue-Sensitive, Color-Opponent Ganglion Cells.- 4.5 Résumé: What is Special About the Blue Cone Mechanism?.- 5 Temporal Properties of Color-Opponent Ganglion Cells..- Flicker-Stimulation; Testing the "Channel" Hypothesis.- 5.1 Critical Flicker Frequencies (CFF) in Tonic and Phasic Ganglion Cells.- 5.2 Influence of Stimulation Frequency on the Spectral Sensitivity Function: Loss of Color-Opponency at Higher Flicker Rates.- 5.3 The Basic Mechanism: Phase-Shift Between Center and Surround Responses.- 5.4 Latency of Center and Surround Responses.- 5.5 The Processing of Luminous and Chromatic Flicker.- 5.6 Stimulus Duration Changes the Action Spectrum.- 5.7 Résumé: Possible Implication of the TransitionBetween Antagonism and Synergism in Color-Opponent Ganglion Cells.- 6 The Spectral Properties of the Human Visual System as Revealed by Visually Evoked Cortical Potentials (VECP) and Psychophysical Investigations.- 6.1 Methods as Applied in Human Observers.- 6.2 Rods and Cones.- 6.3 Fundamental Cone Functions.- 6.4 Color-Opponency in the VECP and in Psychophysical Measurements.- 6.5 The Influence of Flicker Frequency on Spectral Sensitivity.- 6.6 Conclusion: To What Extent Can Visually Evoked Cortical Potentials Reveal the Function of Individual Receptor Mechanisms?.- Epilogue.- Summary.- References.