Positron Annihilation in Chemistry

1.Introduction.- 1.1 Positron Annihilation in Chemistry.- 1.2 History of Chemistry-Oriented PositronAnnihilation Studies.- 1.3 Review of Physics-Oriented Positron Research.- 1.4 The Content and Intention of this Book.- 2 Theory.- 2.1 The Annihilation Probability.- 2.2 Atomic Physics of Positronium (Ps).- 2.3 Application of the Theory.- 3 Experimental Techniques.- 3.1 Positron Lifetime (LT) Technique.- 3.2 Angular Correlation (AC) Measurements.- 3.3 Doppler Broadening (DB) Measurements.- 3.4 Miscellaneous Measurements.- 4 Light Particle States in Insulating Matter.- 4.1 General Remarks.- 4.2 The Excess Electron.- 4.3 The Positron States in Liquids.- 4.4 The Ps States in Liquids.- 4.5 Short Remarks on Light Particle Statesin Solids and Gases.- 4.6 Measurable Properties of Light Particles.- 5 The Positron Spur and Ps Formation in Pure Liquids.- 5.1 The Positron Track and its Terminal Spur.- 5.2 Homogeneous, Long Time Irradiationby Positron Slowing Down.- 5.3 Determination of the Ps Yield.- 5.4 Formation of Ps in the Positron Spur.- 5.5 The Measured Ps Yields for Pure Liquids.- 6 Solvated Positron Reactions. Models of Reaction Kinetics.- 6.1 Hydrated Positron Reactions with Halides.- 6.2 Reaction Kinetics in Positron Annihilation.- 6.3 Discussion of $${text{e}}_{text{aq}}^{text{C}}$$ Reactions. Low Concentrations.- 6.4 Discussion of $${text{e}}_{text{aq}}^{text{C}}$$ Reactions. High Concentrations.- 7 Positronium Formation in Solutions.- 7.1 Special Cases of Ps Formation in Nonpolar Mixtures.- 7.2 Theory of Ps Inhibition and Antiinhibition.- 7.3 Empirical Expression for the Ps Yield.- 7.4 Positronium Formation in Mixtures of Nonpolar Liquids.- 7.5 Positronium Formation in Solutions of Polar Liquids.- 7.6 Miscellaneous Ps Yield Effects.- 7.7 The Older Ps Formation Models.- 8 Positronium Reactions in Solutions.- 8.1 Kinetic Equations of Positronium Reactions.- 8.2 An Example of Ps Quenching and Inhibition.- 8.3 Positronium Quenching by Mainly Organic Moleculesin Solutions.- 8.4 Paramagnetic Quenching of Positronium in Solutions.- 8.5 Positronium Reactions with Ions in Aqueous Solutions.- 9 Principles of Positron Annihilation in Molecular Solids.- 9.1 Positronium Bloch Functions and Ps Trapping in Defects.- 9.2 Positronium Trapping in Vacancies in Plastic Crystals.- 9.3 Positronium Formation in Solid Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 9.4 Positronium in Some Other Molecular Crystals.- 9.5 Slow-Positron Beam Studies of Solids.- 10 Polymers and Miscellaneous Molecular Compounds.- 10.1 Transition from Glassy to Normal Liquid State.- 10.2 Positron Annihilation in Polymers.- 10.3 Electric Field Dependence of the Ps Yield.- 10.4 Liquid Crystals and Miscellaneous Liquids.- 10.5 Miscellaneous Solids.- 11 Conclusion.- References.- Index of Chemicals.