Graphite Fibers and Filaments

1. Introductory Material on Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- 1.1 Introductory Discussion of Structure of Carbon Filaments.- 2. Synthesis of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- 2.1 Carbon Fibers from Polymeric Precursors.- 2.2 Carbon Filaments by CCVD.- 2.3 Carbon-Coated Filaments.- 2.4 Filaments Prepared from Carbon Arcs.- 2.5 Synthesis by Ion Bombardment.- 3. Structure.- 3.1 Graphite and Its Defect Structures.- 3.2 Structure of Fibers and Filaments.- 3.3 Density.- 3.4 X-Ray Diffraction.- 3.5 Small Angle Scattering.- 3.6 Optical Microscopy.- 3.7 Electron Microscopy.- 3.8 Other Spectroscopies.- 3.9 Other Characterization Techniques.- 4. Lattice Properties.- 4.1 Elastic Parameters of Single Crystal Graphite.- 4.2 Lattice Dynamics of Single Crystal Graphite.- 4.3 Models for the Elastic and Lattice Properties of Fibers.- 4.4 Raman Effect for Single Crystal Graphite.- 4.5 Raman Effect in Disordered Carbons.- 4.6 Photoconductivity in Graphite Fibers.- 5. Thermal Properties.- 5.1 Specific Heat.- 5.2 Thermal Expansion.- 5.3 Thermal Conductivity.- 6. Mechanical Properties.- 6.1 Elastic Parameters.- 6.2 Fracture, Stress and Strain.- 6.3 Mechanical Properties of CCVD Fibers.- 7. Electronic Structure.- 7.1 Introduction and Overview.- 7.2 The Slonczewski-Weiss Model for Graphite.- 7.3 Electronic Structure in a Magnetic Field.- 8. Electronic and Magnetic Properties.- 8.1 Diamagnetism.- 8.2 Electron Spin Resonance.- 8.3 Electrical Resistivity.- 8.4 Magnetoresistance.- 8.5 Hall Effect.- 8.6 Thermoelectric Power of Benzene-Derived Carbon Fibers.- 8.7 Piezoresistance and the Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure.- 8.8 Non-ohmic Behavior.- 8.9 Electrical Noise.- 9. High Temperature Properties.- 9.1 High Temperature Thermal Properties.- 9.2 High Temperature Resistivity.- 9.3 High Temperature Mechanical Properties.- 9.4 Oxidation Resistance.- 10. Intercalation of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- 10.1 Structural Order and Intercalation.- 10.2 Structure and Staging.- 10.3 Lattice Properties.- 10.4 Electrical Transport Properties.- 10.5 Thermal Transport Properties.- 10.6 Thermopower.- 10.7 Mechanical Properties.- 10.8 Exfoliation.- 11. Ion Implantation of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- 11.1 The Ion Implantation Process.- 11.2 Application to Carbon Fibers.- 11.3 Implantation-Induced Structural Modifications.- 12. Applications of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- 12.1 Economic Considerations.- 12.2 Structural Applications of Composites.- 12.3 Electrical Applications for Carbon Fibers.- 12.4 Thermal Applications.- 12.5 Nuclear Reactor Applications.- 12.6 Optical Applications.- 12.7 Applications for Intercalated Carbon Fibers.- 12.8 Batteries and Other Electrochemical Applications.- 12.9 Medical Applications.- References.