Cell Components

Cell-Wall-Isolation, General Growth Aspects.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Isolation Procedures.- 3 Composition and Ultrastructure of Plant Cell Walls.- 4 Properties of Plant Cell Walls.- 5 Growth Aspects.- References.- Cell-Wall Chemistry, Structure and Components.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Histochemical Analysis of Cell Walls.- 3 Quantitative Analysis of Cell Walls.- 4 Qualitative Analysis of Cell-Wall Materials.- 5 Chromatographic Analysis of Cell-Wall Constituents.- References.- Protoplasts-for Compartmentation Studies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Advantages of the Use of Protoplasts for Compartmentation Studies.- 3 Protoplast Isolation and Its Effect on Cellular Metabolism.- 4 Protoplast Lysis.- 5 Protoplast Fractionation.- 6 Methods to Relate Protoplast Activity to That of Intact Tissue.- 7 Concluding Remarks.- References.- The Marker Concept in Cell Fractionation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Marker Concept.- 3 Preservation of Marker Enzyme Activity During Cell Disruption.- 4 Methods Used to Separate Markers.- 5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Plasma Membranes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theory of Phase Partition.- 3 Experimentals.- 4 Purity of the Preparations.- 5 Protein and Lipid Composition.- 6 Surface Properties of the Isolated Vesicles.- References.- Vacuoles.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Methods of Isolation.- 3 Isolation of Tonoplast and Tonoplast Markers.- 4 Comments on Physiological Functions.- 5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Protein Bodies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Special Consideration in Isolation of Protein Bodies.- 3 Nonaqueous Preparation in Glycerol.- 4 Nonaqueous Preparation in Hexane and Carbon Tetrachloride.- 5 Aqueous Preparation in Sources Gradients.- 6 Subfractionation of Isolated Protein Bodies.- 7 Analyses.- References.- Lipid Bodies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Ontogeny.- 3 Isolation.-4 Markers of Lipid Bodies.- 5 Assays.- References.- Chloroplasts as a Whole.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Considerations of Integrity and Purity.- 3 Chloroplasts from Protoplasts.- 4 The Use of Silica Sols in Density Gradient Purification of Chloroplasts.- 5 General Notes on Isolation Procedures.- 6 Specific Isolation Protocols.- 7 Additional Comments on Chloroplast Isolation.- 8 Abbreviations.- References.- Purification of Inner and Outer Chloroplast Envelope Membranes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 General Considerations.- 3 The Procedure.- 4 Properties of the Isolated Membranes.- 5 Modifications of the Procedure.- 6 Other Procedures.- References.- The Major Protein of Chloroplast Stroma, Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Characteristics of RuBP Carboxylase.- 3 Practical Aspects.- 4 Conclusion.- References.- The Chloroplast Thylakoid Membrane-Isolation, Subfractionation and Purification of Its Supramolecular Complexes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Function and Organization of the Thylakoid Membrane.- 3 Isolation of Thylakoid Membranes.- 4 Thylakoid Membrane Subfractionation.- 5 Isolation of Thylakoid Supramolecular Complexes.- References.- The Isolation and Characterization of Nongreen Plastids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Terminology of Nongreen Plastids.- 3 Basics of Plastid Isolation and Separation.- 4 Isolation of Nongreen Plastids from Developing Ricinus Endosperm.- 5 Metabolic Capabilities of Ricinus Endosperm Plastids.- 6 Composition and Biochemical Properties.- 7 Future Prospects.- References.- Mitochondria.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Preparation for DNA Analysis.- 3 Preparation of Intact Mitochondria for Oxidative Studies.- References.- Endoplasmic Reticulum.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structure and Organization of the ER.- 3 Interactions Between Tubular and Cisternal ER.- 4Synthesis and Degradation of ER.- 5 Isolation and Characterization of ER.- References.- Polyribosomes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Isolation of Polysomes from Plant Cells.- 3 Purification and Analysis of Polyribosomes.- 4 Polyribosome Extraction Buffers.- 5 Uses of Purified Polyribosomes.- References.- The Nucleus-Cytological Methods and Isolation for Biochemical Studies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structure of the Plant Nucleus and Implications for Nuclear Isolation and Staining.- 3 Cytology.- 4 Isolation of Plant Nuclei-General.- 5 Summary.- References.- Microtubules.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Extraction of Microtubule Proteins.- 3 Purification of Tubulin and MAP's.- 4 Fractionation and Identification of Tubulin by SDS-PAGE.- 5 Colchicine-Binding Assay for Tubulin.- 6 Immunochemical Methods of Analysis.- 7 Concluding Remarks.- References.