Oceanography and Marine Biology

DAVID W. TOWNSEND is Professor of Oceanography in the School of Marine Sciences at the University of Maine, USA. Dr. Townsend has been recognized for his teaching with the College Outstanding Teaching Award (2001) and the Distinguished Maine Professor Award (2006). He has published more than 90 papers, book chapters, and reviews. His research interests include: biological oceanography of estuaries and shelf seas; phytoplankton blooms; nutrient dynamics; fisheries oceanography; ecology and population dynamics of larval fishes and zooplankton; plankton ecology and trophodynamics; and coupling of physical and biological processes.

CHAPTER I: EARLY FOUNDATIONS OF THE OCEAN SCIENCES .- The Early Ocean Voyagers The Principles of Navigation Dealing with Spherical Geometry of the Earth Coming Out of the Dark Ages: The Renaissance Europeans Post-Renaissance Ocean Exploration The Birth of Oceanography Oceanography and Marine Biology: Late Nineteenth to Early Twentieth Century.- CHAPTER II: ORIGINS AND CONNECTIONS: SCIENCE, THE UNIVERSE, EARTH, AND LIFE What Is Science? Origins: Where Did the Earth and Its Oceans Come From? Earth's Internal Structure An Introduction to Geophysics The Origin of Life.- CHAPTER III: THE OCEAN FLOOR: ITS FORMATION AND EVOLUTION Continental Drift Marine Sediments.- CHAPTER IV: WATER: ITS CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Basic Chemistry: Chemical Bonds Physical-Chemical Properties of Water Salinity Density Properties of Salt Water Vertical Structure in the Ocean.- CHAPTER V: ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND OCEAN CURRENTS Light in the Sea Atmospheric Circulation Ocean Circulation.- CHAPTER VI: WAVES AND TIDES The Basics of Ocean Waves Tides.- CHAPTER VII: INTRODUCTION TO LIFE IN THE SEA The Basics of Marine Biology: Photosynthesis and Respiration Nutrients and Limiting Factors Biological Production in the Oceans Food Chains and Food Webs Factors Controlling the Distribution of Marine Organisms Taxonomy of Marine Organisms.- CHAPTER VIII: THE PRIMARY PRODUCERS The Phytoplankton The Macroalgae (the Seaweeds) Sea-grasses.- CHAPTER IX: THE ZOOPLANKTON The Meroplankton The Holoplankton.- CHAPTER X: MARINE INVERTEBRATES The Benthos Nektonic Invertebrates.- CHAPTER XI: THE FISHES The Jawless Fishes The Cartilagenous Fishes The Bony Fishes General Biology of Marine Fishes The Field of Ichtyology CHAPTER XII: MARINE ENVIRONMENTS The Intertidal Zone Estuaries Salt Marshes Mangrove Forests Coral Reefs The Deep-Sea Environment.- CHAPTER XIII: MARINE REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS Marine Reptiles Sea Birds Marine Mammals Whaling.- CHAPTER XIV: MARINE FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE Fisheries Trophodynamics A History of Commercial Fisheries Principles of Fishery Science Current Status and Management of Fisheries Aquaculture.- CHAPTER XV: HUMAN IMPACTS Marine Pollution Global Climate Change.