Toxicity Assessment Alternatives

I. Recent Developments on Alternatives.- 1 Tissue Engineering: An Important Technology for Assessment of Toxicity.- 2 Tissue Engineering: Technology Applications and FDA Initiatives.- 3 Electrical Resistance Method for Measuring Volume Changes in Astrocytes.- 4 Cytotoxicity Profiles for a Series of Investigational Compounds Using Liver Slice Technology and Human-Derived Cell Cultures.- 5 Antagonistic Interaction of Sodium Arsenite and Lead Sulfate with UV Light on Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes.- 6 The Role of Upper Airway Heat and Water Vapor Exchange in Hygroscopic Aerosol Deposition in the Human Airway: A Deposition Model.- 7 Moving Average Interpolation for Malathion LC50 Estimation on Dugesia tigrina: Comparison with Probit and “One-Point” Methods.- 8 Physiological Modeling of Benzo(a)pyrene Pharmacokinetics in the Rat.- II. Current Trends and Future Directions.- 9 Resources for Biomedical Research: Opportunities for Alternatives.- III. Mechanistically Based Test Methods as Alternatives.- 10 Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife: Scientific Processes and Principles for Evaluating Effects.- 11 Mechanistic Animal-Replacement Approaches for Predicting Pharmacokinetics of Organic Chemicals.- IV. Use of Alternatives in Hazard Assessment Initiatives.- 12 Validation of the CytosensorTM Microphysiometer for In Vitro Cytotoxicity Testing.- 13 Sulfur Mustard Effects on Cell Yield Alter Viability Assessment in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes.- 14 Development of Human Keratinocyte Colonies for Confocal Microscopy and for Study of Calcium Effects on Growth Differentiation and Sulfur Mustard Lesions: A Model.- 15 Phosgene-Induced Calcium Changes in Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells.- 16 Enhanced Proteolytic Activity and Fc Receptor Expression inHuman Epithelial Cells Following Exposure to Sulfur Mustard.- 17 Altered Expression of lntracellular and Surface Antigens by Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Exposed to Sulfur Mustard.- 18 Effect of Sulfur Mustard Exposure on Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Viability and Protein Content.- 19 The Use of In Vitro Systems to Define Therapeutic Approaches to Cutaneous Injury by Sulfur Mustard.- 20 Effects of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors on the Sulfur Mustard-Induced Disruption of the Higher-Order Nuclear Structure of Human Lymphocytes.- 21 DNA Repair Enzymatic Response in Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Following Sulfur Mustard Exposure.- 22 Human Hepatocytes: A Novel Animal Alternative.- V. Validation, Regulatory Acceptance, and Animal Protection Perspectives.- 23 An Animal Protection Perspective.- 24 Federal Interagency Activities Toward Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of Alternative Tests.