Green Chemistry for Environmental Remediation

Rashmi Sanghi received her PhD from the University of Allahabad, India, in 1994. She is currently a consultant at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. Her major research interests are environmental green chemistry specializing in microbial and nanoparticle research. She has over 80 international journal publications, two patents, and two books on green chemistry to her credit. Vandana Singh received her PhD from the University of Allahabad, India, in 1986. She is currently an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad. Her research interests are in polysaccharides, polymers, and polymer composites. She has over 70 international journal publications as well as several book chapters to her credit.

List of Contributors xvii Foreword xix Part 1. Green Chemistry and Societal Sustainability 1 1. Environment and the Role of Green Chemistry 3 2. The Greening of the Chemical Industry: Past, Present and Challenges Ahead 35 3. Designing Sustainable Chemical Synthesis: The Influence of Chemistry on Process Design 79 4. Green Chemical Processing in the Teaching Laboratory: Microwave Extraction of Natural Products 107 5. Ensuring Sustainability through Microscale Chemistry 119 6. Capability Development and Technology Transfer Essential for Economic Transformation 137 Part 2. Green Lab Technologies 153 7. Ultrasound Cavitation as a Green Processing Technique in the Design and Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Nanoemulsions in Drug Delivery System 155 8. Microwave-Enhanced Methods for Biodiesel Production and Other Environmental Applications 209 9. Emergence of Base Catalysts for Synthesis of Biodiesel 251 10. Hydrothermal Technologies for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass 291 11. Ionic Liquids in Green Chemistry Prediction of Ionic Liquids Toxicity Using Cell Models 343 12. Nano-catalyst: A Second Generation Tool for Green Chemistry 357 13. Green Polymer Synthesis: An Overview on Use of Microwave-Irradiation 379 Part 3. Green Bio-energy Sources 425 14. Bioenergy as a Green Technology Frontier 427 15. Biofuels as Suitable Replacement for Fossil Fuels 451 16. Biocatalysts-Greener Solutions 479 17. Lignocellulosics as a Renewable Feedstock for Chemical Industry. Chemical Hydrolysis and Pretreatment Processes 505 18. Lignocellulosics as a Renewable Feedstock for Chemical Industry Chemicals from Lignin 561 19. Genome Enabled Technologies in Green Chemistry 611 Part 4. Green Solutions for Remediation 627 20. Green Biotechnology for Municipal and Industrial Wastewater 629 21. Phytoremediation of Cadmium: A Green Approach 659 22. A Closer Look at "Green" Glass: Remediation with Organosilica Sol-Gels Through the Application of Green Chemistry 697 23. Modification and Applications of Guar Gum in the Field of Green Chemistry 727