Air and Gas Drilling Manual (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Air and Gas Drilling Manual: Applications for Oil and Gas Recovery Wells and Geothermal Fluids Recovery Wells 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 12
CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Units 14
1.1 Objectives and Terminology 14
1.2 Engineering Calculations and Units 15
References 20
CHAPTER 2 Air and Gas Versus Mud 22
2.1 Rotary Drilling 23
2.2 Circulation Systems 29
2.3 Comparison of Mud and Air Drilling 33
References 47
CHAPTER 3 Surface Equipment 48
3.1 Drilling Location 48
3.2 Flow Line to the Rig 51
3.3 Wellhead Equipment 56
3.4 Flow Line from Rig 65
References 70
CHAPTER 4 Downhole Equipment 72
4.1 Rotary Drill String 72
4.2 Drill Bits 78
4.3 Bottom Hole Assembly 89
4.4 Drill Pipe 96
4.5 Safety Equipment 99
4.6 Drill String Design 102
References 105
CHAPTER 5 Compressors and Nitrogen Generators 106
5.1 Compressor Classification 106
5.2 Standard Units 108
5.3 Continuous Flow (Dynamic) Compressors 110
5.4 Intermittent (Positive Displacement) Compressors 113
5.5 Compressor Shaft Power Requirements 122
5.6 Prime Mover Input Power Requirements 128
5.7 Example Compressor System Units 147
5.8 Membrane Field Nitrogen Generator 152
References 156
CHAPTER 6 Direct Circulation Models 158
6.1 Basic Assumptions 158
6.2 General Derivation 160
6.3 Aerated Fluid Drilling Model 170
6.4 Stable Foam Drilling Model 171
6.5 Air and Gas Drilling Model 173
References 177
CHAPTER 7 Reverse Circulation Models 178
7.1 Basic Assumptions 178
7.2 General Derivation 180
7.3 Aerated Fluid Drilling Model 190
7.4 Stable Foam Drilling Model 191
7.5 Air and Gas Drilling Model 191
References 195
CHAPTER 8 Air, Gas, and Unstable Foam Drilling 196
8.1 Deep Well Planning 198
8.2 Minimum Volumetric Flow Rate and Compressor Selection 199
8.3 Bottom Hole and Injection Pressures 214
8.4 Water Injection and Formation Water Influx 216
8.5 Prime Mover Fuel Consumption 223
8.6 Conclusions 224
References 224
CHAPTER 9 Aerated Fluids Drilling 226
9.1 Deep Well Drilling Planning 227
9.2 Aerated Fluids Drilling Operations 228
9.3 Minimum Volumetric Flow Rates 232
9.4 Nonfriction and Friction Illustrative Examples 241
9.5 Conclusions 255
References 256
CHAPTER 10 Stable Foam Drilling 258
10.1 Stable Foam Rheology 260
10.2 Deep Well Drilling Planning 263
10.3 Stable Foam Drilling Operations 264
10.4 Minimum Volumetric Flow Rates 265
10.5 Nonfriction and Friction Illustrative Examples 268
10.6 Conclusions 274
References 275
CHAPTER 11 Specialized Downhole Drilling Equipment 278
11.1 DTH 278
11.2 PDM 285
11.3 Conclusions 292
References 293
CHAPTER 12 Underbalanced Drilling 296
12.1 Introduction 296
12.2 Vertical Wells 299
12.3 Directional Wells 305
12.4 Conclusions 321
References 321
Appendix A Dimensions and Units, Conversion Factors 324
Appendix B Average Annual Atmospheric Conditions 330
Appendix C Chapter 8 Illustrative Example MathCad™ Solutions 336
Appendix D Chapter 9 Illustrative Example MathCad™ Solutions 440
Appendix E Chapter 10 Illustrative Example MathCad™ Solutions 566
Appendix F Chapter 11 Illustrative Example MathCad™ Solutions 674
Appendix G Direct Circulation Minimum Volumetric Flow Rates 744
Index 772