Critical Temperatures for the Thermal Explosion of Chemicals (eBook)

Cover 1
Table of contents 14
Notation 24
An approach to the thermal explosion theory 32
The basic concept of the thermal explosion theory 32
Derivation of the Semenov equation 34
Derivation of the Frank-Kamenetskii equation 40
The balance, which is contained in both the Semenov and the F-K 
44 
The relationship holding among Se, Sc and the Biot number 46
A brief history of the thermal explosion research 50
The adiabatic temperature increase equation 54
Introduction 54
An equation holding between the rate of heat generation per unit 
 
55 
Validity of the substitution of the two coefficients, a and b, of Eq. (44) into the F-K equation as well as the Semenov equation 56
Derivation of the adiabatic temperature increase equation 57
An alternative method to derive the adiabatic temperature increase equation 64
Frank-Kamenetskii's adiabatic induction period, rad 65
Validity of the linear approximation of the self-heating process or curve, in the early stages 67
A classification of self-heating chemicals 72
A broad classification of self-heating chemicals into the two large 
72 
Derivation of an empirical formula, In A t = alT, + b 75
Powdery chemicals of the quasi-AC type 79
Correlation among the pattern of the TG-DTA curve of a self-heating powdery 80
The difference between the concept of the Tc and that of the 91
An adiabatic self-heating process recorder 94
Introduction 94
Structure and performance of the air bath of the adiabatic 95
Development of the glass closed cell 105
Characteristics of the glass closed cell 106
Detailed procedure to perform the adiabatic self-heating test, 110
Preheating of the air bath of the adiabatic self-heating 111
Procedure to prepare the reference cell assembly including 111
Insertion of the reference cell assembly into the adiabatic 117
Curves drawn by the Tpen and the A 7 ^ p e n on the strip chart 118
Determination of the exact value of Ts of the run 119
Insertion of the sample cell assembly into the adiabatic 120
Record of the self-heating process, in the early stages, of 2 cm3 122
Some reasons why a value of A T of 1.25 K was chosen as 123
Detailed procedure to perform the adiabatic self-heating test, 110
Some problems accompanied with the adiabatic self-heating 125
Procedure to calculate the values of the two coefficients, a and b, 132
Procedure to calculate the Tc for an arbitrary volume 138
Introduction 138
The reason why the Semenov equation is applicable to 139
Derivation of equations 142
Procedure to perform several adiabatic self-heating tests 149
Individual procedures to measure the four heat transfer data 156
Concrete procedure to calculate the value of the BAM test for 164
Results and discussion 167
Comparison of the values of U calculated each for the three kinds 178
Procedure to calculate the Tc for a powdery chemical 190
Introduction 190
Derivation of the reduced form of the F-K equation 191
Procedure to perform several adiabatic self-heating tests 195
Equation and procedure to calculate the value 204
Individual values of dc for the several specific shapes including the socalled 
216 
Concrete procedure to calculate the Tc for a powdery chemical of the TD type, 218
Results and discussion 221
Trial to calculate the value of the BAM test for an arbitrary 229
Procedure to perform the adiabatic oxidatively-heating test 238
Equation to calculate the Tc for a heap of a 238
The cell assembly including some one of the three kinds of open cells, 
240 
Procedure to prepare the cell assembly including some one of the three 
243 
Four kinds, in all, of testing procedures corresponding each to the four 
248 
Individual oxidatively-heating properties of the sawdusts 
266 
Introduction 266
Experimental 268
Experimental results regarding the individual oxidatively-heating 
270 
Procedure to calculate the Tc for a sawdust heap 301
Procedure to perform several adiabatic oxidatively-heating 301
Individual procedures to determine the two heat transfer data, 308
Concrete procedure to calculate the Tc for a sawdust heap, 310
Results and discussion 312
The values of Tc calculated each for the sawdust heaps of fifteen wood species, including Port Orford cedar 312
Critical radius for the spontaneous ignition, rc, for a similar body of a gas-permeable oxidatively-heating substance 317
Procedure to calculate the SADT for a high explosive of the true AC type, having an arbitrary shape and an arbitrary size 320
Introduction 320
An isothermal storage testing device used to perform the isothermal storage test at a T,, in order to calculate ultimately the SADT for a chemical of the AC type, 322
Procedure to perform several isothermal storage tests at each T, with mutual intervals of 1 ~ 2 K, in order to calculate the values of the two coefficients, a and b, of Equation (59) 325
Concrete procedure to calculate the SADT for a high explosive of the true AC type 341
The values of SADT calculated each for the eight high explosives of the true AC type 342
Particular high explosives of the true AC type 347
Procedure to calculate the SADT for a powdery chemical of the quasi-AC type, having an arbitrary shape and an arbitrary size 372
Introduction 372
Procedure to perform several isothermal storage tests at each T, with mutual intervals of 1 ~ 2 K, in order to calculate the values of the two coefficients, a and b, of Equation (59), In At = a/T, + b 375
Concrete procedure to calculate the SADT for a powdery chemical of the quasi-AC type, having an arbitrary shape and an arbitrary size 388
Results and discussion 389
Index 398