Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology (eBook)
716 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-051804-6 (ISBN)
Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology is the firs single author book on the new field of fiber optic structural sensing. As such it provides: coverage of the fundamentals of the technology, a coherent and systematic discussion on the most important aspects of the subject, a broad view of the subject, while retaining a degree of focus on those advances most significant in terms of their future potential, particularly in regard to broad implementation of the technology. The book provides an introduction to the relevant value to structural monitoring. It also highlights the advantages of fiber optic based sensors over conventional electrical measurement technology.
The book richly illustrates the subject matter with 615 figures and provides many examples of fiber optic structural sensing, including a detailed overview of a number of major field site applications. Most of these large scale applications are drawn from the civil engineering community as they have been the first to strongly embrace fiber optic structural monitoring. This is especially true for bridges, where innovative new designs and the use of fiber reinforced polymer composite materials to replace steel represents a major advance that is expected to revolutionize the construction industry. Examples include new bridges, which are serving as testbeds for these new materials and are instrumented with arrays of fiber optic structural sensors. In one case, this state-of-the-art monitoring system permits engineers at a distant site to track the response of the bridge to traffic loads and keep an eye on the long term performance of the new materials. Fiber optic structural sensing technology is equally applicable to other industrial sectors, such as the aerospace and marine industries. Indeed, several examples of ships being instrumented with arrays of fiber optic sensors are also included.
* The author directed one of the leading laboratories in the development of this technology and its application to civil engineering
* Provides a strong, concise foundation in the basics of the technology
* Includes many examples of the application of the technology, including many major field site case studies
* Richly illustrated with 615 figures, many redrawn to make them easier to understand, also includes over 600 references
* Written in a style designed to help the reader unfamiliar with fiber optic technology appreciate what can be accomplished with this new form of structural monitoring
This book is the first to address the field of structurally integrated fiber optic sensors. Fiber optic sensors embedded within materials and systems are able to measure a variety of parameters (i.e. temperature, vibration, deformation, strain, etc.) that allows for real time non-destructive evaluation. Examples include the following: monitoring structural fatigue in aging aircraft or loads in bridge structures. In more advanced applications, fiber optic sensors control actuators that allow materials to adapt to their environment. This gives rise to the names, "e;smart,"e; "e;intelligent,"e; and/or "e;adaptive"e; materials or structures.Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology is the firs single author book on the new field of fiber optic structural sensing. As such it provides: coverage of the fundamentals of the technology, a coherent and systematic discussion on the most important aspects of the subject, a broad view of the subject, while retaining a degree of focus on those advances most significant in terms of their future potential, particularly in regard to broad implementation of the technology. The book provides an introduction to the relevant value to structural monitoring. It also highlights the advantages of fiber optic based sensors over conventional electrical measurement technology.The book richly illustrates the subject matter with 615 figures and provides many examples of fiber optic structural sensing, including a detailed overview of a number of major field site applications. Most of these large scale applications are drawn from the civil engineering community as they have been the first to strongly embrace fiber optic structural monitoring. This is especially true for bridges, where innovative new designs and the use of fiber reinforced polymer composite materials to replace steel represents a major advance that is expected to revolutionize the construction industry. Examples include new bridges, which are serving as testbeds for these new materials and are instrumented with arrays of fiber optic structural sensors. In one case, this state-of-the-art monitoring system permits engineers at a distant site to track the response of the bridge to traffic loads and keep an eye on the long term performance of the new materials. Fiber optic structural sensing technology is equally applicable to other industrial sectors, such as the aerospace and marine industries. Indeed, several examples of ships being instrumented with arrays of fiber optic sensors are also included.* The author directed one of the leading laboratories in the development of this technology and its application to civil engineering* Provides a strong, concise foundation in the basics of the technology* Includes many examples of the application of the technology, including many major field site case studies* Richly illustrated with 615 figures, many redrawn to make them easier to understand; also includes over 600 references* Written in a style designed to help the reader unfamiliar with fiber optic technology appreciate what can be accomplished with this new form of structural monitoring
Cover 1
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Preface 14
Acknowledgments 18
Chapter 1. Introduction 20
1.1Smart Structures 22
1.2Brief Historical Overview of Smart Structures 28
Chapter 2. Need for Integrated Structural Monitoring 34
2.1Introduction 34
2.2Civil Engineering Problems 36
2.3New Materials for the Construction Industry 38
2.4Bridges of Advanced Design 40
2.5Detection of Structural Weakness 43
2.6Measurement Prospects for Fiber Optic Technology 45
2.7Earthquakes and New Materials for Repair 53
2.8Other Structural Monitoring Applications 59
2.9Wind Power and Structural Monitoring 62
2.10Magnetic Levitation Train Monitoring 64
2.11Aerospace Engineering Problems 65
2.12New Materials for the Aerospace Industry 67
2.13Fiber Optic Monitoring of Aircraft 69
Chapter 3. Introduction to Lightwaves 71
3.1 Background and Overview 71
3.2Electromagnetic Radiation 75
3.3Birefringence and Polarization 83
3.4Superposition, Coherence, and Interference 88
3.5Partial Coherence and Coherence Length 91
3.6High-Coherence Interferometers 95
3.7Multipass Fabry-Perot Interferometer 98
3.8Low-Coherence Interferometry 101
3.9Radiation Coupling Between Optical Fibers 105
3.10Bragg Grating Reflection 110
Chapter 4. Light Sources and Detectors 119
4.1Introduction 119
4.2Light Generation and Gain Media 119
4.3Fabry-Perot Cavity Lasers 126
4.4Semiconductor Radiation Sources 135
4.5Light-Emitting Diodes 140
4.6Semiconductor Laser Diodes 148
4.7 Narrowband (DBR and DFB) Laser Diodes 157
4.8Junction Photodetectors 162
4.9 PIN and Avalanche Photodiode Detectors 166
4.10Charge-Coupled Detector Arrays 169
4.11Photodetector Signal-to-Noise 173
Chapter 5. Fiber Optic Technology 179
5.1Introduction 179
5.2Optical Fibers 179
5.3Optical Fiber Guided Wave Modes 184
5.4Cutoff Wavelength and Single-Mode Fiber 189
5.5Optical Fiber Transmission Properties 195
5.6 Optical Fiber Strength and Fatigue Life 200
5.7Fiber Optic Connectors, Splices, and Pigtails 209
5.8 Optical Isolators, Couplers, Filters, and Spectral Analyzers 220
5.9Fiber Bragg Gratings 232
5.10Multiplexing and Demultiplexing 243
Chapter 6. Fiber Optic Structural Sensors and Their Merits 252
6.1Merits of Fiber Optic Structural Sensors 252
6.2Types of Fiber Optic Structural Sensor 254
6.3Intensiometric Fiber Optic Sensors 256
6.4Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors 262
6.5 Polarimetric and Modalmetric Fiber Optic Sensors 269
6.6Spectrometric Fiber Optic Sensors 271
6.7Selection of a Fiber Optic Structural Sensor 279
Chapter 7. Fiber Optic Strain and Temperature Sensitivity 282
7.1 Introduction 282
7.2Optothermomechanical Equations 284
7.3 Strain and Temperature Sensitivity and Gauge Factors 286
7.4Transverse Strains and Their Measurement 294
7.5Thermal Apparent Strain 304
7.6 Temperature Compensation for Fiber Optic Sensors 307
7.7Temperature-Independent Strain Sensors 335
7.8Strain-Temperature Cross-Sensitivity 342
Chapter 8. Sensor Installation and Material Integration Issues 344
8.1Introduction 344
8.2Installation of Fiber Optic Structural Sensors 344
8.3 Fiber Optic Sensor Integration Within FRP Materials 357
8.4The Influence of Fiber Optic Coatings 362
8.5 Influence of Embedded Optical Fibers on the Host Structure 373
8.6Pultruded Fiber Optic Structural Sensors 382
8.7Fiber Optic Structural Sensor Connectorization 384
Chapter 9. Short Gauge Sensor and Applications 388
9.1Introduction 388
9.2Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Demodulation 390
9.3Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Applications 422
9.4 Interferometric Short-Gauge Structural Sensors 468
9.5 Interferometric Sensor Applications 483
Chapter 10. Long Gauge-Length Fiber Optic Sensing 494
10.1Introduction 494
10.2 Long Gauge-Length Sensors and Their Demodulation 497
10.3Long Gauge-Length Sensor Applications 513
Chapter 11. Multiplexed Fiber Optic Structural Sensing 545
11.1Introduction 545
11.2Fabrication of Serial Arrays of Fiber Optic Sensors 546
11.3Serial Multiplexing of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors 548
11.4 Serial Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Grating Applications 586
Chapter 12. Distributed Strain and Temperature Sensing 614
12.1Introduction 614
12.2 Fiber Bragg Intragrating Distributed Sensing Concept 616
12.3 T-Matrix Formalism for Nonuniform Fiber Bragg Gratings 618
12.4 Intensity Reflection Spectrum for Distributed Strain Sensing 623
12.5 Distributed Strain Sensing Based on Fourier Transforms 630
12.6 Experimental Fourier Transform Distributed Strain Sensing 633
12.7 Fourier Transform for Serial Multiplexed Fiber Grating Sensors 638
12.8 Low Coherence Techniques for Distributed Sensing 642
12.9 Distributed Sensing Under Simulated Brillouin Scattering 645
12.10Distributed Strain Sensing Applications 652
Chapter 13. Future Prospects and Summary 663
13.1Overview 663
13.2 Fiber Bragg Grating Universal Demodulation System 667
13.3Summary 674
References 678
Index 720
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 10.4.2001 |
---|---|
Sprache | englisch |
Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie |
Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Optik | |
Technik ► Bauwesen | |
Technik ► Maschinenbau | |
Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik | |
ISBN-10 | 0-08-051804-4 / 0080518044 |
ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-051804-6 / 9780080518046 |
Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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