Adsorption of Metals by Geomedia II (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 6
Foreword 12
Chapter 1. Surface Structure and Reactivity of Iron Oxide–Water Interfaces 18
1.1. Introduction 19
1.2. Surface X-ray Diffraction Method: Crystal Truncation Rod (CTR) Technique 21
1.3. Examples of Structural Models of Different Iron Oxide Interfaces 26
1.4. Perspectives and Applications to Surface Reactivity 38
1.5. Summary 40
References 41
Chapter 2. Anion Sorption Topology on Hematite: Comparison of Arsenate and Silicate 48
2.1. Introduction 49
2.2. Arsenate Crystal Chemistry in Minerals and on Surfaces 50
2.3. Silicate Crystal Chemistry as a Monomer and Small Polymer in Structures and on Surfaces 55
2.4. Results 63
2.6. Discussion 73
2.7. Prospects for Further Studies 76
2.8. Conclusions 78
References 79
Chapter 3. Molecular Structure of Lead(II) Coprecipitated with Iron(III) Oxyhydroxide 84
3.1. Introduction 85
3.2. Experimental 87
3.3. Experimental Results 89
3.4. X-ray Absorption Modeling 92
3.5. Discussion and Conclusions 101
References 108
Chapter 4. Tracking the Interaction of Transition Metal Ions with Environmental Interfaces using Second Harmonic Generation 112
4.1. Introduction 112
4.2. Experimental 114
4.3. Surface Characterization 116
4.4. Results 122
4.5. Ion Binding 128
4.6. Environmental Implications and Summary 135
References 137
Chapter 5. Prions, Metals, and Soils 142
5.1. Introduction 143
5.2. Geochemistry of Hotspots 147
5.3. The Double Nature of the Prion Protein 153
5.4. Prion Sorption and Transformation on Clays 156
5.5. Horizontal Infectivity 162
5.6. Conclusions 163
References 163
Chapter 6. Associations between Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanoparticle Growth and Metal Adsorption/Structural Incorporation 170
6.1. Introduction 171
6.2. Experimental 173
6.3. Results 178
6.4. Discussion 192
6.5. Conclusions 196
References 198
Chapter 7. Temperature and Aging Effects on the Surface Speciation of Cd(II) at the Goethite–Water Interface 204
7.1. Introduction 205
7.2. Experimental 209
7.3. Results 211
7.4. Discussion 214
7.5. Conclusions 217
References 218
Chapter 8. Cadmium and Lead Desorption from Kaolinite 222
8.1. Introduction 222
8.2. Experimental 225
8.3. Results 230
8.4. Discussion 242
8.5. Conclusions 245
References 246
Chapter 9. Mechanism of Molybdenum Adsorption on Soils and Soil Minerals Evaluated Using Vibrational Spectroscopy and Surface Complexation Modeling 252
9.1. Introduction 253
9.2. Experimental 256
9.3. Results and Discussion 261
9.4. Conclusions 278
References 279
Chapter 10. Blind Prediction and Parameter Uncertainty – A Sorption Test Case 284
10.1. Introduction 284
10.2. Methodology 288
10.3. Modeling 291
10.4. Results and Discussion 299
10.5. Summary and Conclusions 304
References 305
Chapter 11. Biogeochemical Uranium Redox Transformations: Potential Oxidants of Uraninite 310
11.1. Introduction 311
11.2. Uranium Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 311
11.3. Experimental 315
11.4. Results 320
11.5. Discussion 324
11.6. Implications for Biogeochemical Uranium Cycling 327
References 330
Chapter 12. Phosphate Interactions with Iron (Hydr)oxides: Mineralization Pathways and Phosphorus Retention upon Bioreduction 338
12.1. Introduction 339
12.2. Experimental 342
12.3. Results 345
12.4. Discussion 353
12.5. Conclusion and Implications 358
References 359
Chapter 13. Influence of Phosphate on Adsorption and Surface Precipitation of Lead on Iron Oxide Surfaces 366
13.1. Introduction 367
13.2. Experimental 369
13.3. Results and Discussion 378
13.4. Summary 387
References 388
Chapter 14. Uranium(VI) Release from Contaminated Vadose Zone Sediments: Estimation of Potential Contributions from Dissolution and Desorption 392
14.1. Introduction 393
14.2. Experimental 396
14.3. Results 405
14.4. Discussion 426
14.5. Concluding Remarks 429
References 430
Chapter 15. Arsenic Speciation in Solid Phases of Geothermal Fields 434
15.1. Introduction 435
15.2. Arsenic in Geothermal Systems 436
15.3. Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Hot Spring Deposits 440
15.4. XAS Analysis of Arsenic Solid-Phase Speciation in Hot Springs 444
15.5. Concluding Remarks 451
References 452
Chapter 16. Reactive Transport and Residence Times in Unsaturated Fractured Rocks from Field-Scale Experiments 458
16.1. Introduction 459
16.2. Setting 460
16.3. Experimental Setup, Tracer Introduction and Recovery 463
16.4. Reactive Transport 472
16.5. Tracer Transport 478
16.6. Fracture Networks and Flow Simulations 481
16.7. Conclusions 482
References 484
Subject Index 486