Well Completion Design (eBook)

Front cover 1
Well Completion Design 4
Copyright page 5
Contents 6
Acknowledgements 14
Chapter 1. Introduction 16
1.1. What are Completions? 16
1.2. Safety and Environment 16
1.3. The Role of the Completion Engineer 21
1.4. Data Gathering 22
1.5. Designing for the Life of the Well 24
1.6. The Design Process 25
1.7. Types of Completions 26
Reference 28
Chapter 2. Reservoir Completion 30
2.1. Inflow Performance 30
2.2. Open Hole Completion Techniques 54
2.3. Perforating 60
2.4. Hydraulic Fracturing 97
2.5. Acid Fracturing and Stimulation 130
References 138
Chapter 3. Sand Control 144
3.1. Rock Strength and Sand Production Prediction 144
3.2. Mitigating Sand Production Without Screens 162
3.3. Formation Grain Size Distribution 177
3.4. Sand Control Screen Types 181
3.5. Standalone Screens 185
3.6. Open Hole Gravel Packs 195
3.7. Cased Hole Gravel Packs and Frac Packs 210
3.8. Expandable Screens 224
3.9. Chemical Consolidation 238
3.10. Choosing the Appropriate Method of Sand Control 241
References 247
Chapter 4. Life of Well Operations 256
4.1. Types and Methods of Intervening 256
4.2. Impact on Completion Design 256
Chapter 5. Tubing Well Performance, Heat Transfer and Sizing 262
5.1. Hydrocarbon Behaviour 262
5.2. Multiphase Flow and Tubing Performance 276
5.3. Temperature Prediction 289
5.4. Temperature Control 297
5.5. Overall Well Performance 303
5.6. Liquid Loading 304
5.7. Lazy Wells 309
5.8. Production Well Sizing 312
5.9. Injection Well Sizing 314
References 314
Chapter 6. Artificial Lift 318
6.1. Overall Objectives and Methods 318
6.2. Gas Lift 318
6.3. Electrical Submersible Pumps 334
6.4. Turbine-Driven Submersible Pumps 352
6.5. Jet Pumps 357
6.6. Progressive Cavity Pumps 363
6.7. Beam Pumps 367
6.8. Hydraulic Piston Pumps 376
6.9. Artificial Lift Selection 377
References 381
Chapter 7. Production Chemistry 386
7.1. Mineral Scales 387
7.2. Salt Deposition 409
7.3. Waxes 412
7.4. Asphaltenes 419
7.5. Hydrates 425
7.6. Fluid Souring 434
7.7. Elemental Sulphur 437
7.8. Naphthenates 439
7.9. Summary 441
References 442
Chapter 8. Material Selection 448
8.1. Metals 449
8.2. Downhole Corrosion 457
8.3. Metallurgy Selection 472
8.4. Corrosion Inhibition 474
8.5. Seals 475
8.6. Control Lines and Encapsulation 481
8.7. Coatings and Liners 483
References 484
Chapter 9. Tubing Stress Analysis 488
9.1. Purpose of Stress Analysis 488
9.2. Tubular Manufacture and Specifications 489
9.3. Stress, Strain and Grades 489
9.4. Axial Loads 493
9.5. Burst 524
9.6. Collapse 525
9.7. Triaxial Analysis 529
9.8. Safety Factors and Design Factors 535
9.9. Load Cases 538
9.10. Tubing Connections 559
9.11. Packers 564
9.12. Completion Equipment 568
9.13. The Use of Software for Tubing Stress Analysis 568
References 569
Chapter 10. Completion Equipment 572
10.1. Tree and Tubing Hanger 572
10.2. Subsurface Safety Valves 580
10.3. Packers 587
10.4. Expansion Devices and Anchor Latches 591
10.5. Landing Nipples, Locks and Sleeves 593
10.6. Mandrels and Gauges 596
10.7. Capillary Line and Cable Clamps 602
10.8. Loss Control and Reservoir Isolation Valves 603
10.9. Crossovers 605
10.10. Flow Couplings 606
10.11. Modules 606
10.12. Integrating Equipment into the Design Process 606
References 608
Chapter 11. Installing the Completion 610
11.1. How Installation Affects Completion Design 610
11.2. Wellbore Clean-Out and Mud Displacement 610
11.3. Completion Fluids and Filtration 619
11.4. Safely Running the Completion 630
11.5. Well Clean-Up and Flow Initiation 640
11.6. Procedures 641
11.7. Handover and Post Completion Reporting 647
References 648
Chapter 12. Specialist Completions 650
12.1. Deepwater Completions 650
12.2. HPHT Completions 654
12.3. Completions with Downhole Flow Control 657
12.4. Multilateral Completions 672
12.5. Dual Completions 677
12.6. Multipurpose Completions 678
12.7. Underbalance Completions and Through Tubing Drilling 690
12.8. Coiled Tubing and Insert Completions 692
12.9. Completions for Carbon Dioxide Injection and Sequestration 693
12.10. Completions for Heavy Oil and Steam Injection 700
12.11. Completions for Coal Bed Methane 703
References 705
Subject Index 710