Thermochemical Processes (eBook)

COVER 1
Thermochemical Processes 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 12
Part 1: Processes with gaseous reaction control 15
Chapter 1. Vapour deposition processes 17
Other techniques for the preparation of thin films 30
Materials science and the formation of thin films 38
Bibliography 52
Appendix: Vapour pressure data for the elements 52
Chapter 2. Gaseous reaction kinetics and molecular decomposition 56
Theories of reaction kinetics 56
Combustion chain reactions 67
Bibliography 76
Molecular dissociation and chain reactions in chemical vapour deposition 76
Bibliography 85
Radiation and electron decomposition of molecules 86
Bibliography 99
Chapter 3. Vapour phase transport processes 100
Vapour transport processes 100
The thermodynamics of the vapour phase transport of compounds 107
Transport and thermal properties of gases 122
Bibliography 131
Chapter 4. Heterogeneous gas–solid surface reactions 132
The zeroth order reaction 132
Examples of industrially important catalysts 143
Reactors for catalytic processes 157
Bibliography 159
Part 2: Rate processes in the solid state 161
Chapter 5. Electrical charge and heat transport in solids 163
The transport of electrons and positive holes 163
Thermal transport in condensed phases 177
Heat capacities 178
Bibliography 183
Chapter 6. Rate processes in metals and alloys 184
Structure and diffusion-controlled processes in metallic systems 184
Phase transformations in alloys 198
Bibliography 209
Grain boundary and surface-driven properties in metallic systems 209
Powder metallurgy 215
Bibliography 235
Chapter 7. Rate processes in non-metallic systems 237
Diffusion in elemental semiconductors 237
Structures and diffusion in metal oxides 238
Surfaces and surface energies in ionic crystals 246
Sintering of metal oxides 247
The production and applications of ceramic oxide materials 248
Bibliography 264
Chapter 8. Gas–solid reactions 265
The oxidation of metals and compounds 265
Bibliography 283
Chapter 9. Laboratory studies of some important industrial reactions 284
The reduction of haematite by hydrogen 284
Erosion reactions of carbon by gases 285
The combustion of coal 287
The oxidation of FeS – parabolic to linear rate law transition 288
Oxidation of complex sulphide ores – competitive oxidation of cations 289
The kinetics of sulphation roasting 290
Heat transfer in gas–solid reactions 291
Industrial reactors for iron ore reduction to solid iron 293
The industrial roasting of sulphides 295
The corrosion of metals in multicomponent gases 297
Bibliography 299
Appendix: Thermodynamic data for the Gibbs energy of formation of metal oxides 299
Part 3: Processes involving liquids 303
Chapter 10. Physical properties and applications of liquid metals 305
The structures and mechanism of diffusion of liquid metals 305
Thermophysical properties of liquid metals 308
The production of metallic glasses 312
Liquid metals in energy conversion 314
Liquid phase sintering of refractory materials 315
Bibliography 318
The production of crystalline semiconductors 318
Chapter 11. Physical and chemical properties of glassy and liquid silicates 321
The production of silicate glasses and glass-containing materials 324
Chalcogenide glasses 329
Bibliography 330
Chapter 12. The structures and thermophysical properties of molten salts 331
Hot corrosion of metals by molten salts 333
Molten carbonate fuel cells 335
Bibliography 336
Chapter 13. Extraction metallurgy 337
The principles of metal extraction 338
Extractive processes 344
Steelmaking and copper production in pneumatic vessels 351
The reduction of oxides and halides by reactive metals 355
The electrolysis of molten salts 361
Bibliography 363
Chapter 14. The refining of metals 365
The refining of lead and zinc 370
Chapter 15. Factorial analysis of metal-producing reactions 379
Bibliography 383
Index 385