Chromatography of Mycotoxins (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Chromatography of Mycotoxins: Techniques and Applications 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
List of contributors 13
Preface 14
Part A: Techniques 16
Chapter 1. Sampling sample preparation extraction and clean-up 18
1.1 Introduction 18
1.2 Sampling and sample preparation 18
1.3 Sample extraction and clean-up 19
1.4 Illustrative example 22
1.5 Conclusions 24
References 24
Chapter 2. Techniques of thin layer chromatography 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Clean-up methods 27
2.3 Normal phase TLC 31
2.4 Reverse-phase TLC (RPTLC) 35
2.5 High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) 36
2.6 Preparative TLC 38
2.7 Detection 42
2.8 Quantitative and semi-quantitative evaluation 43
2.9 Illustrative examples 45
2.10 Conclusions 46
References 47
Chapter 3. Techniques of liquid column chromatography 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Sample pretreatment 52
3.3 Column chromatography 55
3.4 Mini-column chromatography 59
3.5 High-performance liquid chromatography 61
3.6 Conclusion 86
References 87
Chapter 4. Techniques of gas chromatography 93
4.1 Introduction 93
4.2 Resolution in gas chromatography 94
4.3 Extracolumn resolution 101
4.4 Conclusions 111
References 111
Chapter 5. Emerging techniques: immunoaffinity chromatography 114
5.1 Introduction 114
5.2 Immunoaffinity chromatography theory 116
5.3 Practical aspects and instrumentation 118
5.4 Sample preparation 126
5.5 Illustrative examples 131
References 137
Chapter 6. Emerging techniques: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as alternatives to chromatographic methods 139
6.1 Introduction 139
6.2 Principles of ELISA 139
6.3 Sample preparation 142
6.4 Instrumentation and practice 143
6.5 Illustrative examples 147
6.6 Conclusions 149
References 150
Part B: Applications 154
Chapter 7. Thin-layer chromatography of mycotoxins 156
7.1 Introduction 156
7.2 Aflatoxins 158
7.3 Sterigmatocystin and related compounds 177
7.4 Trichothecenes 183
7.5 Small lactones 193
7.6 Macrocyclic lactones 201
7.7 Ochratoxins 211
7.8 Rubratoxins 214
7.9 Hydroxyanthraquinones 215
7.10 Epipolythiopiperazine-3,6-diones 218
7.11 Tremorgenic mycotoxins 220
7.12 Alternaria toxins 224
7.13 Citrinin 225
7.14 a-Cyclopiazonic acid 229
7.1 5 PR toxin and roquefortine 232
7.16 Xanthomegnin. viomellein and vioxanthin 233
7.17Naptho-.-pyrones 234
7.18 Secalonic acids 234
7.19 TLC of miscellaneous toxins 235
7.20 Multi-mycotoxin TLC 237
7.21 TLC in chemotaxonomic studies of toxigenic fungi 245
7.22 Conclusions 246
References 248
Chapter 8. Liquid column chromatography of mycotoxins 268
8.1 Introduction 268
8.2 Column chromatography 302
8.3 Mini-column chromatography 304
8.4 High performance liquid chromatography 305
8.5 Informative on-line detection methods 336
8.6 Conclusions 370
References 371
Chapter 9. Gas chromatography of mycotoxins 388
9.1 Introduction 388
9.2 Trichothecenes 388
9.3 Zearalenone 407
9.4 Moniliformin 410
9.5 Alternaria toxins 411
9.6 Slaframine and swainsonine 413
9.7 Patulin 414
9.8 Penicillic acid 416
9.9 Sterigmatocystin 419
9.10 Aflatoxins 420
9.11 Ergot alkaloids 421
9.12 Miscellaneous mycotoxins 423
9.13 Conclusions 429
References 429
Subject Index 442