Operational Oceanography (eBook)

Cover 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS 14
Preface 8
Expression of gratitude 10
EuroGOOS Conference 12
PART 1: INTRODUCTIONS 22
Chapter 1. The Netherlands and EuroGOOS 24
Chapter 2. European dimensions of ocean and climate forecasting 28
Chapter 3. The global aspects of megascience 32
PART 2: POLICY 37
Chapter 4. The EuroGOOS Strategy 40
Chapter 5. Cost benefit analysis of TOGA and the ENSO observing system 57
Chapter 6. The World Weather Watch: Is an ocean equivalent meaningful or realistic? 72
Chapter 7. The challenge to observe the world ocean circulation and its variability 82
Chapter 8. Regional GOOS for sustainable development and management 90
Chapter 9. Costs and benefits of operational oceanography: the effects of scale and aggregation 101
PART 3: POLICY - An example of a national approach 112
Chapter 10. On the German approach to GOOS and EuroGOOS 114
PART 4: TECHNOLOGY: Instruments/Monitoring Networks 120
Chapter 11. SEAWATCH, Performance and future 122
Chapter 12. SeaNet: European workshop on fixed monitoring networks in the North Sea region 132
Chapter 13. A proposed new ship-of-opportunity towed vehicle and sensor suite designed for coastal, shelf and ocean basin survey 140
Chapter 14. Development of METNET- An operational offshore meteorological and oceanographic data network 146
Chapter 15. Long-term stable sensors for bio-optical measurements 154
Chapter 16. EGOS - European Group on Ocean Stations. A continuously operating Data Buoy programme in the North Atlantic 162
Chapter 17. Upper ocean measurements using the Autonomous Profiling Vehicle (APV) 169
Chapter 18. REMSSBOT, Integrated environmental management through integrated environmental information sources 174
Chapter 19. Seanet - Data Interface Group - Measuring network Flemish banks. Hydro-Meteo-System for the North Sea 181
Chapter 20. Development of an acoustic method and prototype instrumentation for size and concentration measurement of suspended sediment 189
PART 5: TECHNOLOGY: Remote Sensing 198
Chapter 21. ESA's support of operational oceanography: current status and future plans 200
Chapter 22. A review of the possible applications of satellite earth observation data within EuroGOOS 213
Chapter 23. Wave modelling and operational forecasting at ECMWF 227
Chapter 24. The bathymetry assessment system 235
Chapter 25. ICEWATCH - Ice SAR monitoring of the Northern Sea Route 245
Chapter 26. COASTWATCH: Using SAR imagery in an operational system for monitoring coastal currents, wind, surfactants and oil spills 255
Chapter 27. Operational determination of satellite derived sea surface temperature and wind speed from NOAA AVHRR and ERS SAR images 264
Chapter 28. Hydrographic laser fluorosensing: status and perspectives 272
Chapter 29. Operational use of NOAA AVHRR imagery in the marine environment 280
PART 6: ECONOMICS: Benefits/Costs 288
Chapter 30. Estimates of the costs and benefits of operational oceanography at the single industry level 290
Chapter 31. Implications of EUROGOOS on marine policy making in a small maritime economy 299
Chapter 32. Cost/benefit analysis of GOOS - some methodological issues 307
Chapter 33. Metocean data collection: short-term costs and long-term benefits? 315
PART 7: ECONOMICS: Logistics/Structures 324
Chapter 34. The economics of operational oceanographic services 326
Chapter 35. System Architecture for GOOS: lessons learned from another sector 335
Chapter 36. Issues in the operational provision of marine information 343
PART 8: BALTIC 350
Chapter 37. Towards a Baltic operational oceanographical system, 'BOOS' 352
Chapter 38. Finnish operational oceanographical service 357
Chapter 39. Oceanographic monitoring network in the Danish waters 365
Chapter 40. Polish Oceanographic Service: present status and prerequisite to join EuroGOOS 372
PART 9: ARCTIC 380
Chapter 41. Operational climate monitoring program of the Arctic ice cover 382
Chapter 42. Variability of Arctic Sea ice thickness- statistical significance and its relationship to heat flux 389
Chapter 43. Coupled Ecosystems in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean 406
PART 10: ATLANTIC 414
Chapter 44. Global ocean data assimilation of temperature data: preliminary results 416
Chapter 45. EMMA: A cost-efficient system for generating time series of in situ profiling measurements at fixed locations 422
Chapter 46. Sampling strategies for oceanographic features 429
Chapter 47. Strategic approach to real time data acquisition and dissemination on a global scale 443
Chapter 48. Azores current system modelling and monitoring 449
Chapter 49. Operational marine models at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute 457
Chapter 50. A pilot ocean monitoring site at Azores islands 465
PART 11: NORTH-WEST SHELF: Physical models 474
Chapter 51. Towards dynamic coupling of open ocean and shelf sea models 476
Chapter 52. Wave prediction and data assimilation at the North Sea 484
Chapter 53. Data assimilation in the Continental Shelf Model 493
Chapter 54. Coastal operational modelling within the EUREKA-EUROMAR Project OPMOD: 504
Chapter 55. A new storm surge forecasting system 508
PART 12: NORTH-WEST SHELF: Ecological models 518
Chapter 56. The importance of high frequency data in ecological modelling 520
Chapter 57. An integrated data-model system to support monitoring and assessment of marine systems 528
Chapter 58. Data assimilation for coastal zone monitoring and forecasting 537
Chapter 59. NOWESP: North-West European Shelf Programme 544
Chapter 60. The Integrated North Sea Programme (INP) 550
Chapter 61. Monitoring phytoplankton blooms continously with SEAWATCH technology 560
PART 13: MEDITERRANEAN 568
Chapter 62. The EuroGOOS Mediterranean Test Case: science and implementation plan 570
Chapter 63. Scaling considerations and sampling strategies in monitoring aquatic ecohydrodynamics 579
Chapter 64. The application of broad-band acoustic tomography to the monitoring of the shallow water environment: Validation and trends 589
Chapter 65. Seasonal variability of the Levantine intermediate waters in the Western Mediterranean- Algerian/Provencal basin 597
PART 14: REGIONAL GOOS 606
Chapter 66. Development of North-East Asia Regional Global Ocean Observing System (NEAR-GOOS) 608
Chapter 67. A monitoring system for the Indian-Atlantic connection 617
Chapter 68. Australian planning towards GOOS 624
PART 15: GOOS Modules 634
Chapter 69. Health of the Ocean-module: The HELCOM example 636
Chapter 70. Why is EuroGOOS important for coastal managers? 645
Chapter 71. Living marine resources-module: the provision of scientific advice on fisheries 652
PART 16: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 662
Chapter 72. Lego for capacity building 664
Chapter 73. Increasing the involvement of IOC member states in GOOS through capacity building: The Indonesian experience 677
Chapter 74. Capacity building for the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS): Development needs and requirements for Eastern Africa 684
Chapter 75. Capacity building for GOOS: developments, needs and requirements for the Caribbean and adjacent regions 694
Chapter 76. Coastal management: Global change...global observation? 705
PART 17: DISCUSSIONS and CONCLUSIONS 716
Chapter 77. Next steps 718
Chapter 78. Future technology requirements for operational oceanography 723
Chapter 79. Operational Oceanography - a challenge and an opportunity for Europe 727
Chapter 80. GOOS concepts 732
Round Table Discussion 736
Closure 754
Author Index 762
List of Participants 764
List of Reviewers 774