Fundamentals of Inorganic Membrane Science and Technology (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 8
Preface 6
List of contributors 18
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL OVERVIEW, TRENDS AND PROSPECTS 20
1.1 Introduction 20
1.2 Market Situation and Prospects 21
1.3 Main Barriers to Technological Development and Acceptance 22
1.4 Trends, Technological and Scientific Prospects 28
References 38
CHAPTER 2. IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF INORGANIC MEMBRANES 40
2.1 Introduction 40
2.2 Types of Inorganic Membranes 40
2.3 Microstructural Pore and Pore Network Characteristics 42
2.4 Architecture of Membrane Systems 46
2.5 Some General Characteristics 50
2.6 Considerations on Chemical Resistance 52
References 53
CHAPTER 3. ADSORPTION PHENOMENA IN MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 54
3.1 Introduction 54
3.2 Adsorption Isotherms 55
3.3 Experimental Techniques 62
3.4 Adsorption on Membranes 76
3.5 Summary 83
References 83
CHAPTER 4. METHODS FOR THE CHARACTERISATION OF POROUS STRUCTURE IN MEMBRANE MATERIALS 86
4.1 General Introduction 86
4.2 Description of Porous Materials „ Definitions 88
4.3 Static Characterisation Techniques 93
4.4 Dynamic Characterisation Techniques 117
4.5 Conclusion and Recommendations 125
References 129
CHAPTER 5. CERAMIC PROCESSING TECHNIQUES OF SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR MEMBRANES SYNTHESIS 138
5.1 Introduction 138
5.2 Extrusion 140
5.3 Tape Casting 149
5.4 Specific Characterization Methods for Supports 153
5.5 Conclusion 156
References 157
CHAPTER 6. PREPARATION OF ASYMMETRIC CERAMIC MEMBRANE SUPPORTS BY DIP-COATING 160
6.1 Introduction 160
6.2 Supports for Ceramic Membranes 162
6.3 Dip-coating with Porous Substrates 202
6.4 Applications 228
6.5 Final Remarks 237
Acknowledgements 237
List of Symbols 238
References 240
CHAPTER 7. SOL-GEL CHEMISTRY AND ITS APPLICATION TO POROUS MEMBRANE PROCESSING 246
7.1 Introduction 246
7.2 Pore Formation in Sol-Gel Derived Ceramic Membranes 248
7.3 Colloidal Suspensions to Prepare Mesoporous Membranes 251
7.4 Inorganic Polymers to Prepare Microporous Membranes 256
7.5 The Concept of Nanophase Ceramics Applied to the Preparation of Microporous Membranes 259
7.6 Tailor-made Porous Membranes via Templates Containing Systems 264
7.7 Conclusion 273
References 274
CHAPTER 8. FUNDAMENTALS OF MEMBRANE TOP-LAYER SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING 278
8.1 Synthesis and Processing of Supported Mesoporous Membranes 278
8.2 Synthesis and Processing of Supported Microporous Membranes 317
8.3 Conclusions and Evaluation 341
References 343
CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT AND SEPARATION PROPERTIES OF MEMBRANES WITH GASES AND VAPOURS 350
9.1 Introduction 350
9.2 Gas Transport in Simple Membrane Structures 352
9.3 Separation of Binary Mixtures in Simple Mesoporous Membranes 383
9.4 Permeation and Separation in Microporous Membranes 393
9.5 Permeation and Separation in More Complicated Systems 432
9.6 Overview of Important Results 435
9.7 Conclusions and Evaluation 443
List of Symbols 444
References 446
CHAPTER 10. DENSE CERAMIC MEMBRANES FOR OXYGEN SEPARATION 454
10.1 Introduction 454
10.2 General Survey 455
10.3 Fundamentals 468
10.4 Solid Oxide Electrolytes 481
10.5 Introducing Electronic Conduction in Fluorite-type Oxygen Ion Conductors 491
10.6 Accceptor-doped Perovskite and Perovskite-related Oxides 498
10.7 Final Remarks 529
Acknowledgements 532
List of Abbreviations and Symbols 532
References 534
CHAPTER 11 . CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE RESEARCH IN CATALYTIC MEMBRANE REACTORS 548
11.1 Introduction 548
11.2 Dense Metal Membrane Reactors 551
11.3 Porous Inorganic Membrane Reactors 556
11.4 Solid Oxide Membranes 565
11.5 Theoretical Considerations 568
11.6 Emerging Applications 574
11.7 Concluding Remarks 579
Acknowledgements 580
References 580
CHAPTER 12. TRANSPORT AND FOULING PHENOMENA IN LIQUID PHASE SEPARATION WITH INORGANIC AND HYBRID MEMBRANES 588
12.1 Introduction 588
12.2 Basic Phenomena in Pressure Driven Processes 589
12.3 Recent Developments in Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration with Ceramic Membranes 609
12.4 Nanofiltration with Ceramic Membranes 614
12.5 Prospective Aspects 625
12.6 Conclusion 632
References 633
CHAPTER 13. APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC MEMBRANES IN LIQUID FILTRATION 638
13.1 Introduction 638
13.2 Treatment of Wastes 639
13.3 Regeneration 642
13.4 Processing 646
Acknowledgements 633
References 633
CHAPTER 14. FEASIBILITY OF THE APPLICATION OF POROUS INORGANIC GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANES IN SOME LARGE-SCALE CHEMICAL PROCESSES 660
14.1 Introduction 660
14.2 Background Information 662
14.3 Gas Separation Applications for Inorganic Membranes 667
14.4 Conclusions 692
Acknowledgements 693
List of Symbols and Abbreviations 694
Appendix 695
References 695
Subject Index 700