Components and Devices (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Handbook of Microwave Technology, Volume 1 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents of Volume 1 6
Contributors 40
Preface 42
Chapter 1. Microwave Transmission Lines 44
1. Introduction to Transmission Lines 44
2. Two-Wire Line 45
3. Coaxial Lines 48
4. Waveguides 56
5. Finlines 71
6. Dielectric Waveguides 77
References 88
Chapter 2. Microstrip Lines 90
1. Microstrip Lines 90
2. Microstrip Discontinuities 96
References 102
Chapter 3. Microwave Resonators 104
1. Resonator Basics 104
2. Two-Wire Line Resonators 108
3. Basic Coaxial Resonators 109
4. Rectangular Waveguide Cavities 111
5. Circular Cylindrical Waveguide Cavities 116
6. Spherical Cavities 123
7. Dielectric Resonators 123
8. Loop–Gap Resonators 126
9. Microstrip Resonators 128
10. Fabry–Perot Resonators 131
11. YIG Resonators 132
12. Traveling-Wave Resonators 133
References 134
Chapter 4. Microstrip Line Components 138
1. Introduction 138
2. Straight Planar Ribbon Inductor 139
3. Round Wire Inductor 142
4. Planar Ring Inductors 144
5. Planar Circular Spiral Inductor 146
6. Planar Rectangular and Square Spiral Inductors 150
7. Planar Dielectric – Film Overlay Capacitors 154
8. Microstrip Disk Capacitors 158
9. Microstrip Series Gap Capacitor 161
10. Open-Ended Microstrip 164
11. Microstrip Short Circuits 165
12. Step Changes in a Strip Conductor Width of Microstrip Lines (Impedance Steps) 170
13. Right-Angled Bends of Microstrip Lines 171
14. Absorbing Microstrip Terminations 174
15. Coaxial-to-Microstrip Transitions 179
References 181
Chapter 5. Microstrip Line Components: Suspended-Substrate Technique 186
1. Basics 186
2. Parameters for Single Lines 188
3. Parameters for Coupled Lines 188
References 196
Additional Sources 196
Chapter 6. Microwave Filters 198
1. Historical Perspective 198
2. The Low-Pass Prototype 198
3. L–C Filter Transformations 206
4. Bandpass Transform Distortion 214
5. Distributed Filters 215
6. Computer Simulation 225
7. Dissipation Loss 227
8. Component Technology 229
References 240
Chapter 7. Directional Couplers 242
1. Definition and Basic Properties 242
2. Waveguide Aperture Couplers 244
3. Coupled-Line Couplers 256
4. Branch-Line, Branch-Guide, and Rat-Race Couplers 268
5. Developments 275
References 275
Chapter 8. Microwave Ferrite Devices 278
1. Ferrite Materials for Microwave Applications 278
2. Electromagnetic Waves in a Ferrite Medium 280
3. Ferrite Phase Shifters 284
4. Ferrite Circulators and Isolators 292
5. YIG Devices 299
6. Ferrite Switches 300
References 301
Chapter 9. Microwave Solid-State Devices 304
1. Microwave Mixer and Detector Diodes 304
2. Microwave Varactor Diodes 311
3. Microwave PIN Diodes 315
4. Microwave GUNN Diodes 319
5. Microwave IMPATT Diodes 323
6. Microwave Bipolar Junction Transistors 327
7. Microwave Field Effect Transistors 336
References 345
Chapter 10. Transferred Electron Devices 350
1. Introduction 350
2. Device Physics 352
3. Device Design and Fabrication 356
4. Gunn Oscillator and Circuits 368
5. Gunn Amplifiers 389
6. Noise Characteristics 393
7. Power Combining Techniques 397
References 399
Chapter 11. Microwave IMPATT Diode Amplifiers and Oscillators 406
1. IMPATT Diode Principles 406
2. IMPATT Diode Fabrication 411
3. Commercial IMPATT Diode Specification 416
4. IMPATT Diode Amplifier Design 420
5. IMPATT Diode Oscillator Design 425
6. Noise Characteristics of IMPATT Diode Oscillators and Amplifiers 427
References 429
Chapter 12. Microwave Transistor Oscillators and Amplifiers 434
Part A: AMPLIFIERS 434
1. Introduction — Amplifier Classification 434
2. Low-Noise Amplifiers 435
3. Amplifier Design 437
4. Power Amplifiers 466
Part B: OSCILLATORS 471
1. Introduction 471
2. Free-Running Oscillators 472
3. Internally or Externally Controlled Oscillators 481
4. Frequency Synthesizers 491
5. Frequency Multipliers 501
Reference 503
Chapter 13. Microwave Detectors, Mixers, Converters, and Harmonic Generators 504
1. Microwave Amplitude Modulation Detectors 504
2. Microwave Frequency Modulation Detectors 513
3. Microwave Phase Modulation Detectors 520
4. Microwave Mixers 521
5. Microwave Up-Converters 528
6. Microwave Down-Converters 529
7. Microwave Parametric Amplifiers 529
8. Amplitude Modulation Noise in Detectors, Mixers, Converters 530
9. Phase Modulation Noise in Detectors, Mixers, and Converters 532
10. Microwave Harmonic Generators 532
11. Packaging Configurations of Microwave Detectors, Mixers, Converters, and Harmonic Generators 533
References 538
Chapter 14. Electron Beam Formation, Focusing, and Collection in Microwave Tubes 540
1. Introduction 540
2. Description of Electron Guns 541
3. Electron Emission 554
4. Computer Codes Used in Beam Optical Design 561
5. Optical Design of Electron Guns 573
6. Beam Focusing 582
7. Electron Beam Collection 595
8. Gun and Beam Measurement 603
9. Summary and Reliability Issues 604
References 605
Chapter 15. Microwave Solid-State Switches, Phase Shifters, and Attenuators 612
1. Microwave Solid-State Switches 612
2. Microwave Solid-State Phase Shifters 625
3. Microwave Solid-State Attenuators 629
References 631
Chapter 16. Microwave Thermionic Density Modulated Devices and Applications 632
1. Principles of Microwave Thermionic Triodes 632
2. Examples of Microwave Thermionic Triodes 635
3. Principles of Microwave Thermionic Tetrodes 647
4. Examples of Microwave Thermionic Tetrodes 649
5. Conclusions 659
References 659
Chapter 17. Microwave Impedance Matching Techniques 660
1. Introduction 660
2. Narrow-Band Matching 661
3. Wide-Band Matching 683
4. Balanced to Unbalanced Transformations 703
References 710
Further Reading 711
Index 714