Advances in Geophysics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Geophysics, Volume 32 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Chapter 1. Seismicity Induced By Mining 8
I. Introduction. 8
2. Seismicity Induced by Surface Mining. 10
3. Seismicity in Underground Mines 13
4. Principal Types of Mine Tremors 21
5. Focal Mechanism 30
6. Seismic Source Modeling 44
7. Seismic Spectra and Source Parameters. 46
8. Scaling Relations. 58
9. Prediction and Prevention. 62
10. Research Perspectives 65
11. Summary 67
References 69
Chapter 2. Modeling the Pleistocene Ice Ages 82
1. Introduction. 82
2. Model of the World Ocean’s Climate 85
3. One-Dimensional Atmospheric Climate Model 92
4. Time-Dependent Model for Continental Ice Cover 94
5. Interaction among Glaciers, Oceans, and Atmosphere 96
6. Simulation of the Present Climate 98
7. Nonuniqueness of Climate 101
8. Sensitivity of the System to Changes in Solar Heat Flux 107
9. The Ice Ages 115
10. The Effect of Positions of the Continents on Climate 127
11. Conclusions 134
References 136
Chapter 3. Performance of a High-Resolution Mesoscale Tropical Prediction Model 140
1. Introduction 140
2. Dynamical Aspects of the Regional Model 148
3. Physical Processes 174
4. The Landfall of a Tropical Storm 212
5. Sensitivity to Data Sets 234
6. Sensitivity to Lateral Boundary Conditions 242
7. Sensitivity to Horizontal Resolution 253
8. Simulation of a Middle-Latitude Rainfall Event 271
9. Concluding Remarks 285
References 288
Chapter 4. Symmetries, Conservation Laws. and Hamiltonian Structure in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics 294
1. Introduction 294
2. Finite-Dimensional Dynamical Systems 295
3. Infinite-Dimensional (Continuous) Systems and Noether's Theorem 299
4. Fluid-Dynamical Examples 303
5. Wave-Activity Conservation Laws 319
6. Nonlinear-Stability Theory 327
7. Approximation of Equations 333
8. Energy-Extremization Algorithms 339
Appendix: Direct Derivation of the Eulerian Bracket (4.9) 340
References 343
Index 346