Progress in Optics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Progress in Optics, Volume I 6
Copyright Page 7
CONTENTS 10
PREFACE 8
CHAPTER I. THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF HAMILTONIAN OPTICS 14
1. INTRODUCTION 16
2. THE CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTIONS 17
3. THE DEPENDENCE OF THE ABERRATIONS UPON OBJECT AND STOP POSITION 29
4. CONCLUSION 42
REFERENCES 42
CHAPTER II. WAVE OPTICS AND GEOMETRICAL OPTICS IN OPTICAL DESIGN 44
1. INTRODUCTION 46
2. WAVE SURFACE AND CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTION (EIKONAL) 47
3. INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT IN AN OPTICAL IMAGE 49
4. THE RESPONSE FUNCTION 56
5. IMAGE EVALUATION BY SPOT DIAGRAM 73
REFERENCES 80
CHAPTER III. THE INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION AND TOTAL ILLUMINATION OF ABERRATION-FREE DIFFRACTION IMAGES 82
1. INTRODUCTION 84
2. KIRCHHOFF DIFFRACTION THEORY 85
3. SPECIAL PROBLEMS 89
4. VECTOR DIFFRACTION THEORIES 118
REFERENCES 124
CHAPTER IV. LIGHT AND INFORMATION 128
1. INTRODUCTION 130
2. GEOMETRICAL OPTICS 132
3. CLASSICAL WAVE OPTICS 134
4. THE PARADOX OF “OBSERVATION WITHOUT ILLUMINATION’’ 141
5. A FURTHER PARADOX: “A PERPETUUM MOBILE OF THE SECOND KIND” 144
6. THE METRICAL INFORMATION IN LIGHT BEAMS 151
7. CONCLUSION 155
APPENDICES 155
REFERENCES 171
CHAPTER V. ON BASIC ANALOGIES AND PRINCIPAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC INFORMATION 174
1. INTRODUCTION 176
2. ANALOGIES BETWEEN TRANSMISSION LINES IN ELECTRONICS AND LAYER SYSTEMS IN OPTICS 178
3. ANALOGIES BETWEEN OPTICAL AND HERTZIAN WAVES 197
4. THE PSEUDOANALOGY BETWEEN TIME AND COORDINATE, OR FREQUENCY AND DIRECTION VARIABLE 208
REFERENCES 232
CHAPTER VI. INTERFERENCE COLOR 234
1. INTRODUCTION. EVALUATION OF COLOR 236
2. INTERFERENCE COLOR OF MONOLAYER 237
3. INTERFERENCE COLOR OF MULTILAYER 249
4. COLOR OF A THIN FILM ON METALLIC SURFACE 254
5. INTERFERENCE COLOR OF CHROMATIC POLARIZATION 256
6. INTERFERENCE COLOR IN OTHER PHENOMENA 267
NEW TABLES OF THE INTERFERENCE COLOR 268
REFERENCES 273
CHAPTER VII. DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VISUAL PROCESSES 276
1. INTRODUCTION 278
2. DYNAMIC THEORIES OF VISUAL ACUITY 280
3. INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS OF THE EYE 281
4. VISION WITH STABILIZED RETINAL IMAGES 285
5. DISCUSSION ON THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF INVOLUNTARY EYE MOVEMENTS 292
6. DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BINOCULAR VISION 296
7. SOME VISUAL EFFECTS PRODUCED BY INTERMITTENT ILLUMINATION 299
8. THE PERCEPTION OF CONTOURS 305
REFERENCES 310
CHAPTER VIII. MODERN ALIGNMENT DEVICES 312
1. INTRODUCTION 314
2. CUSTOMARY METHODS EMPLOYING COLLIMATORS AND TELESCOPES 317
3. INTERFERENCE ARRANGEMENTS 324
4. DISCUSSION OF THE PRECISION 327
5. THE USE OF REFLECTING SPHERES AND OF SPHERES WITH A CONCENTRIC CAP 329
6. SPHERE WITHOUT REFLECTION, PRODUCING A LUMINOUS “LINE” 333
7. SINGLE LENS AS ALIGNMENT COLLIMATOR 340
8. THE USE OF THE RAINBOW 341
9. ALIGNMENT OF SURFACES 346
10. THE AXICON 349
11. ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES 350
12. SOME TECHNICAL REMARKS ON THE MANUFACTURE OF ZONE PLATES 354
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE 355
REFERENCES 359
AUTHOR INDEX 362
SUBJECT INDEX 367