Progress in Optics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Progress in Optics, Volume XXIII 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 14
CHAPTER I. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MULTIPLE SCATTERING FROM ROUGH SURFACES 18
1. Introduction 20
2. Definition of Roughness and Surface Statistics 23
3. Single Scattering 28
4. Mathematical Preliminaries for multiple scattering 39
5. Lippmann–Schwinger Equation and Diagrams 49
6. Scattered field statistics 53
7. k-Space Formalism–Random Surface 56
8. Smoothing 67
9. Other Multiple Scattering Approaches 73
References 76
CHAPTER II. PARAXIAL THEORY IN OPTICAL DESIGN IN TERMS OF GAUSSIAN BRACKETS 80
1. Introduction 82
2. Gaussian Brackets 84
3. Generalized Gaussian Constants (GGC's) 89
4. Paraxial Theory of a Homogeneous Optical System by means of GGC's 92
5. Paraxial Theory of an Inhomogeneous Optical System by means of GGC's 103
6. Paraxial Theory of a Gaussian Beam Optical System by means of GGC's 109
7. Features of Paraxial Theory by means of GGC's 114
8. Application examples of Paraxial Theory by means of GGC's 115
9. Concluding Note 122
Acknowledgements 123
Appendix A. Numerical calculation of GGC's 124
References 124
CHAPTER III. OPTICAL FILMS PRODUCED BY ION-BASED TECHNIQUES 130
1. Introduction 132
2. Ion-Surface Interaction Phenomena 134
3. Influence of Ion Bombardment on Film Properties 145
4. Ion-Based Methods of Thin-Film Deposition 154
5. Optical thin films 165
6. Conclusions 194
Acknowledgements 195
References 195
CHAPTER IV. ELECTRON HOLOGRAPHY 200
1. Introduction 202
2. Coherence of an Electron Beam 204
3. Electron Holography 211
4. Applications of Electron Holography 221
5. Conclusion 234
References 235
CHAPTER V. PRINCIPLES OF OPTICAL PROCESSING WITH PARTIALLY COHERENT LIGHT 238
1. Introduction 240
2. Partially Coherent Processing 241
3. Coherence Propagation 250
4. Transfer Function 262
5. Noise Performance 268
6. Source Encoding and Image Sampling 284
7. Concluding Remarks 290
Acknowledgments 290
References 291