Progress in Optics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Progress in Optics, Volume XXXIV 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
CHAPTER I. QUANTUM INTERFERENCE, SUPERPOSITION STATES OF LIGHT, AND NONCLASSICAL EFFECTS 12
§ 1. Introduction 14
§ 2. Physics in Phase Space 18
§ 3. Quantum Interference in Phase Space 28
§ 4. Superpositions of Coherent States 40
§ 5. Superposition States in Reservoirs 66
§ 6. Production of Schrödinger Cats 94
§ 7. Detection of Schrödinger Cats 122
Acknowledgements 130
Appendix 130
A. Squeezing of Quantum Fluctuations 130
B. Basic Examples of Nonclassical States of Light 134
C. Basic Ideas of QND 139
D. Short Review of Pegg–Barnett Formalism 140
E. More on the Wigner Function 143
F. Jayne–Cummings Model 153
References 156
CHAPTER II. WAVE PROPAGATION IN INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA: PHASE-SHIFT APPROACH 170
§ 1. Introduction 172
§ 2. Basic Equations 174
§ 3. The Bohr–Sommerfeld Principle and the Levinson Theorem 176
§ 4. Solution of the Wave Equation for Transparent Stratified Media 179
§ 5. Symmetric Medium 183
§ 6. Symmetric Layer with Negative Values of the Dielectric Constant 185
§ 7. Conclusions 189
Acknowledgements 190
Appendix A. Phase equation in the theory of potential scattering 190
References 191
CHAPTER III. THE STATISTICS OF DYNAMIC SPECKLES 194
§ 1. Introduction 196
§ 2. Spatiotemporal Properties of Dynamic Speckle Patterns 197
§ 3. Three-Dimensional Motion of Diffuse Objects 216
§ 4. Polychromatic Light Illumination 225
§ 5. Speckled Speckles 236
§ 6. Concluding Remarks 256
References 257
CHAPTER IV. SCATTERING OF LIGHT FROM MULTILAYER SYSTEMS WITH ROUGH BOUNDARIES 260
§ 1. Introduction 262
§ 2. Theory 262
§ 3. Experiments 302
§ 4. Conclusion 337
Acknowledgements 339
References 339
CHAPTER V. RANDOM WALK AND DIFFUSION-LIKE MODELS OF PHOTON MIGRATION IN TURBID MEDIA 344
§ 1. Introduction 346
§ 2. Elements of Random Walk and Diffusion Theory 348
§ 3. Random Walk on a Simple Cubic Lattice 358
§ 4. Scaling Relationships 365
§ 5. Selected Applications to Macroscopically Homogeneous Media 375
§ 6. Optical Information Related to Internal Inhomogeneities 396
§ 7. Summary 409
Acknowledgements 410
References 410
Author Index 414
Subject Index 424
Contents of Previous Volumes 428
Cumulative Index 436