Progress in Optics (eBook)

Cover 1
Progress in Optics, Volume IV 4
Copyright Page 5
PREFACE 8
TOC$CONTENTS 10
CH$CHAPTER I. HIGHER ORDER ABERRATION THEORY 14
1. INTRODUCTION 16
2. MODERN FOKMULATION OF SCHWARZSCHILD’S ABERRATION THEORY 18
3. THE SCHWARZSCHILD–SMITH ABERRATION COEFFICIENTS 22
4. THE INTRINSIC COEFFIClENTS OF A REFRACTING SURFACE 30
5. THE HERZBERGER ABERRATION COEFFICIENTS 41
REFERENCES 49
CH$CHAPTER II. APPLICATIONS OF SHEARING INTERFEROMETRY 50
1. INTRODUCTION 52
2. EXAMINATION OF OPTICAL COMPONENTS 52
3. STUDIES OF ILLUMINATION PROPERTIES 72
4. EXAMINATION OF LARGE TRANSPARENT OBJECTS 74
5. STUDIES OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PHENOMENA IN LIQUIDS 79
6. EXAMINATION OF MICROSCOPIC OBJECTS 84
REFERENCES 94
CH$CHAPTER III. SURFACE DETERIORATION OF OPTICAL GLASSES 98
1. INTRODUCTION 100
2. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CORROSION OF GLASS BY SOLUTIONS 102
3. CRYSTALLITES GROWN ON THE GLASS SURFACE 117
4. STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE AOYAKE LAYER 125
5. CONCLUSION 154
REFERENCES 156
CH$CHAPTER IV. OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF THIN FILMS 160
1. OPTICAL CONSTANTS AND STRUCTURE OF TRANSPARENT THIN FILMS 162
2. OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF ABSORBING THIN FILMS 176
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 208
REFERENCES 208
CHAPTER V. THE MIYAMOTO–WOLF DIFFRACTION WAVE 214
THE HISTORY OF THE DIFFRACTION WAVE 216
SECTION I. THE SCALAR DIFFRACTION THEORY 218
1. THE HELMHOLZ–HUYGENS PRINCIPLE 218
2. DIFFRACTION WAVE FOR AN ARBITRARY INCIDENT WAVE 221
3. THE MIYAMOTO–WOLF DERIVATION OF THE VECTOR POTENTIAL W(P, Q) 225
4. SIMPLE DERIVATION OF THE VECTOR POTENTIAL W(P, Q) 228
5. VECTOR POTENTIAL W(P, Q) IN CASE WHERE THE SOLUTION U(Q) SATISFIES THE SOMMERFELD CONDITION AT INFINITY 228
6. A GEOMETRIC DERIVATION OF THE VECTOR POTENTIAL W(P, Q 229
7. TWO FURTHER REPRESENTATIONS OF THE VECTOR POTENTIAL W(P, Q 232
8. VECTOR POTENTIALS FOR BOUNDED SPACES 233
9. THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL HELMHOLTZ EQUATION 235
10. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE VECTOR POTENTIAL W(P, Q) AND OF THE CORRESPONDING DIFFRACTION WAVE 236
11. APPROXIMATE FORMULAE FOR THE VECTOR POTENTIAL W(P, Q) 239
12. REFLECTION CONES 243
13. DIFFRACTION WAVE FOR THE SCALAR WAVE EQUATION 245
SECTION II. DIFFRACTION THEORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC AND DIRAC-ELECTRON WAVES 246
1. TENSOR POTENTIALS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS DERIVED USING THE LORENTZ–LARMOR PRINCIPLE 246
2. TENSOR POTENTIALS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS DERIVED FROM KOTTLER'S FORMULATION OF THE HUYGENS PRINCIPLE 250
3. DIFFRACTION WAVE IN THE KIRCHHOFF THEORY OF DIRAC-ELECTRON WAVES 253
CONCLUSION 254
REFERENCES 254
CH$CHAPTER VI. ABERRATION THEORY OF GRATINGS AND GRATING MOUNTINGS 256
1. INTRODUCTION 258
2. ABERRATION TYPES 258
3. FIRST ORDER PROPERTIES OF CONCAVE GRATINGS 259
4. PROPERTIES OF CONCAVE GRATINGS DEPENDENT ON TERMS OF THE FOURTH DEGREE IN THE GRATING COORDINATES 268
5. THE NEWER MOUNTINGS OF THE CONCAVE GRATING 274
6. PLANE GRATING MOUNTINGS 278
7. NON-SPHERICAL GRATINGS AND NON-LINEAR RULINGS 291
8. ABERRATION TOLERANCES 292
REFERENCES 293
CH$CHAPTER VII. DIFFRACTION AT A BLACK SCREEN PART I: KIRCHHOFF’S THEORY 296
1. INTRODUCTION 298
2. THE FIRST SALTUS PROBLEM 302
3. THE SECOND SALTUS PROBLEM 320
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 322
5. MATHEMATICAL APPENDIX 324
6. EXPEKIMENTAL APPENDIX 325
REFERENCES 328
AUTHOR INDEX 330
IDX$SUBJECT INDEX 336