Progress in Optics (eBook)

Cover 1
Progress in Opticles, Volume II 6
Copyright Page 7
TOC$Contents 10
Preface 8
CH$CHAPTER I. RULING, TESTING AND USE OF OPTICAL GRATINGS FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY 14
1. INTRODUCTION 16
2. QUALITY OF GRATINGS REQUIRED FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY 22
3. THE ATTAINMENT OF HIGH-RESOLUTION GRATINGS BY RULING UNDER INTERFEROMETRIC CONTROL 66
4. HIGH-RESOLUTION GRATINGS IN COMPARISON WITH FABRY-PEROT ETALONS IN SPECTROMETERS AND SPECTROGRAPHS 86
5. HIGH-RESOLUTION GRATING SPECTROMETERS AND SPECTROGRAPHS 89
6. REPLICA GRATINGS 98
7. FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS IN THE QUALITY AND BLAZE OF DIFFRACTION GRATINGS 99
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 101
REFERENCES 101
CH$CHAPTER II. THE METROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF DIFFRACTION GRATINGS 106
1. INTRODUCTION TO MOIRÉ FRINGE TECHNIQUES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 108
2. THE FORMATION OF MOIRÉ FRINGE SIGNALS 116
3. DESIGN OF MOIRÉ FRINGE EQUIPMENT 129
4. CONCLUSION 139
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 140
LIST OF SYMBOLS 140
REFERENCES 141
CH$CHAPTER III. DIFFUSION THROUGH NON-UNIFORM MEDIA 143
1. INTRODUCTION 145
2. THE EQUATION OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN NON-UNIFORM MEDIA 149
3. MODEL PROBLEMS 150
4. THE INTERPRETATION OF OBSERVATIONS 155
5. DISCUSSION 162
REFERENCES 163
CH$CHAPTER IV. CORRECTION OF OPTICAL IMAGES BY COMPENSATION OF ABERRATIONS AND BY SPATIAL FREQUENCY FILTERING 165
1. INTRODUCTION 167
2. CORRECTION OF ABERRANT IMAGES BY ABERRATION COMPENSATING FILTER 168
3. CORRECTION OF ABERRANT IMAGES BY DOUBLE DIFFRACTION METHOD 189
4. USE OF ABERRATION COMPENSATING FILTER IN DOUBLE DIFFRACTION METHOD 218
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS 221
REFERENCES 222
CH$CHAPTER V. FLUCTUATIONS OF LIGHT BEAMS 223
1. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 225
2. THE WAVE PICTURE OF LIGHT 229
3. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENTS 243
4. THE PARTICLE PICTURE 264
5. BUNCHING EFFECTS AND PHOTO-ELECTRIC COINCIDENCE EXPERIMENTS 277
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 282
APPENDICES 283
REFERENCES 286
CH$CHAPTER VI. METHODS FOR DETERMINING OPTICAL PARAMETERS OF THIN FILMS 291
1. INTRODUCTION 293
2. NON-ABSORBING THIN FILMS 296
3. ABSORBING THIN FILMS 309
4. VERY WEAKLY ABSORBING THIN FILMS 318
5. INHOMOGENEOUS FILMS 324
6. BIREFRINGENT THIN FILMS 326
7. FINAL REMARKS 328
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 329
REFERENCES 329
AUTHOR INDEX 331
IDX$SUBJECT INDEX 336